Change Management and Management Styles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

sort Management and Management Styles - Essay ExampleTherefore, these scholars suggest that shift commences with leadership thus, organizations should have leaders communicate constructive behaviors.Ajmal, Farooq, Noman and Awan (2013) argue that transmute is managed by visionary transformers, who are expected to facilitate strategic change that is led by quality. In this case, organizations are focus applying technological advancement in gaining competitive advantage. In order to facilitate these changes, organizations are expected to adaptive towards change, thereby coping with potential challenges. On the another(prenominal) hand, these scholars suggest that organizations should convert into learning organization during their first stages in change surgical process. Conventional organizations are transform into learning organization based on requirement of fundamental in leadership. Therefore, managers are expected to nettle necessary clarifications of missions of organizat ions, while helping employees to be innovative in a learning environment.According to Fernandez and Rainey (2006), change is managed through establishment of research that analyzes the interactive effects of factors through application of research designs and methods in fact, managers utilize contingency approach in implementation of change. Furthermore, managers focus on application of multivariate statistical techniques and large-sample entropy set regarding different levels of organization in various management settings these scholars suggest that change can be facilitated by immediate research, which can enable refining of general proposition that are used for compound of theories, and evaluating competitors propositions. On the other hand, they suggest that managers can confront challenges by analyzing association between the content and process of change.Kelly (2009) presents a case, which is concerned with management tasks and procedures involved in facilitate changing str ategies. In this case, this scholar suggests that managers should gain ways

Critical analysis and evaluation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Critical analysis and valuation - Essay ExampleThen, there were the practical considerations, which could be seen in her concentration on form the crook of pints, the pubs structure, the lightings and their significance.Ethical relativism can also be detected in the attitude towards the effects of alcohol. One sees this in the statement about how the pub endures time because beer and men would always be present. This is especially emphasized in her linking of the pubs disrepair to its importance in mens life and her forficate talk about beer being a cohesive element. While it is a clear reference to conjunction all elements in the painting, there is a hint that beer contributes to the companionship and dialogue that happens in the pub.Aesthetic perspectives ar, of course, direct in the description as critiques on structure, story, perspective, color and interpretations were each paid their dues. And so this would be the major evaluative standard used.In the opinion of this w riter, Benko has given sufficient attention to the elements and relationships suggested by the composition to back down her conclusions. The attention to detail in referencing the image and creating a clear picture in her description was cogent and showed a thoughtful assimilation of substantive from the description of the image itself, as well as the informants translation. For example, in the decay, cracks, stains and disrepair she found on the pub she had seen warmth and affection instead of neglect. She also supplied in the flesh(predicate) commentary on drinking and men and the significance of the pub, including connotations of permanence and social significance.Many of the image descriptions are written in a combined form which take away from analysis because they provide material on a summarizing basis that has already been apparent. Her description did not just summarize the referenced elements because

Exchange Rate Risk Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Exchange Rate Risk - Assignment ExampleThe term mass meeting rate risk is used to define the possibility that, because of fluctuation currency values, companies dealing in more than one currency may end up with more or less of a profit. In the Bruce partys case, a fluctuation of 1.45733 Euros per Sterling denotes a negative exchange rate risk. Put more simply, the Bruce Company must pay the French company a total sum of 4.48 gazillion Euros in quaternion equal installments of 1.12 million Euros. Because the Sterling is currently stronger than the Euro, Bruce Company will loose money during four furcate transactions in which their stronger currency is converted to the weaker currency.Thus, Bruce Company must discover a way to prorogue against the exchange rate risk, or take out another(prenominal) investment specifically to reduce or eliminate this risk. One way to hedge against this risk is allowing the sterling to accrue involution in a money market account. Because interes t in a British account is and will continue to be greater than that of a French account, a simple rate of return calculation will image that the British account will yield higher profit For instance, consider one payment of 1.12 million Euros kept in a British Money Market account for three months. 1.12 Million________ = 768, 5291.45733ROR= 768, 529 ( .25 + 4.59375 ) ROR= 3,722,562.34375If, on the other hand, the Euros were kept in a French Money Market account for three months, the followers results would occurROR= 1.12 million (.25 + 2.75000) ROR= 3,360,000It is obvious, therefore, that victimization British Money Market transactions is especially advantageous in this type of scenario. The extra money accumulated in the account may compensate for, or at least soften, the blow of exchange rate risk, depending on the floating rates at the time. There is a significant risk involved in long term Money Market account investment, however, in that they too are subject to fluctuating ex change rates. If exchange rates vary drastically in while interest is accruing, lower interest rates might, in the he end, have generated more gravid once the money is exchanged for the original currency. 1Interest Rate Risk When the Bruce Company took out its loan, its choice of a fixed interest rate was an attempt to avoid great interest rate risk, as interest rates were rising. Now that the financial advisor and others believe that the interest rate is falling, howerver, and interest rate trade is beginning to look beneficial. A company uses an interest rate swap when it exchanges its interest rate for that of another party. By swapping interest rates, companies allow themselves some freedom from climbing interest rates. In order to determine whether or not an interest rate swap is beneficial, however, the zero-coupon bonds calculations must be performed.If interest is compounded annually, using the rate of returns formula, interest rates for zero-coupon bonds are as followesOn e Year Two Years three Years Four Years 4.675= (1+ i) 4.

Jesus's Self Understanding Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Jesuss Self Understanding - Essay ExampleThis paper also attempts to say the question, Who is Jesus along with a short background of his childhood, His Obedience to his heavenly Father and his Death. The third percentage tells about Jesus Ministry, his disciples and his Teachings. It also tells us of birth of Christianity.This is an exploratory essay, and so the highlight of this paper is in the stand part, where his obedience to his Fathers will be discussed. Nonetheless, all parts of this paper have equal significance, as it contributes to the exclusively scheme of thought.The intelligence tells us the story of Creation which explains the existence of everything living on Earth. The story of tenner and eve is not only a story of Creation but an account of the Disobedience of Man,3 also known as the Fall of Man. Then came the story of Cain and Abel, sons of Adam and Eve is a narrative of the first crime of murder committed. There is a long list what was said to be the cr ime of Man4. The Bible though, is not only about the evil that man can do, also tells of the gifts the victor has lay downn to man. Abraham has made a covenant with the Lord Moses received the Ten Commandments that will ensure the mans salvation. As long list of kings has fought in the name of the Lord waiting for the promise of the Redeemer5 that was given to Adam and Eve after the Fall.RELIGIOUS PRACTICESThe most common religious practices before Jesus time were Paganism and Idolatry.Paganism (from Latin paganus, meaning country dweller, rustic) is the blanket term given to describe religions and spiritual practices of pre-Christian Europe, and by indication a term for polytheistictraditions or folk religionworldwide seen from a Western or Christian viewpoint. The term has assorted different meanings, though, from a Western perspective, it has modern connotations of a faith that has polytheistic, spiritualist, animistic or shamanic practices, such as a folk religion, historica l polytheistic or neopagan religion6.Idolatry, defined as worship of any furore image, idea, or object, as opposed to the worship of a monotheistic God. It is considered a major sin in the Abrahamic religions whereas in religions where such activity is not considered as sin, the term idolatry itself is absent. Which images, ideas, and objects, constitute idolatry, and which constitute presumable worship, is a matter of contention with some religious authorities and groups using the term to describe genuine other religions apart from their own (sometimes resulting in iconoclasm)7.THE PREPARATION OF THE COMING OF CHRISTThe promise found in the Old testament, Out of the fullness of his grace, he has blessed us all, giving us one pity after the another. God gave the Law through Moses, but grace and truth came through Jesus Christ. No one has ever seen God. The only Son, who is the same as God and is at the Fathers side, he has made him known.8 The Bible is tattered with many announ cement of the coming of the Messiah. In Isaiah 714-15, therefore the Lord himself will give you a sign the virgin will be with child and will

Promissory Estoppel Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Promissory Estoppel - Essay ExampleIn this view, promissory estoppel is established as a contractual obligation that will in fact harmonize the often-divergent philosophies adhered to by legal scholars. This article looks at the different circumstances when promissory estoppel is used in the English courts and tries to summarize why the doctrine is an weighty part of contract law. It also tries to explain why the use of promissory estoppel is being contested. This paper maintains that promissory estoppel is still important in contract law and that instead of declining, it is actually evolving.Promissory estoppels has three apparent elements (1) a clear and definite promise, (2) the promise induced action or forbearance, and (3) injustice can only(prenominal) be avoided with the enforcement of the promise (Boyer 1950 460). The doctrine of promissory estoppels was first expounded in the case of Central London billet Trust Ltd v gritty Trees House (Denning 1946). In 1937, High Tree s House Ltd. leased a prevent of flats from Central London Property Trust, with the conditions that the rent is worth 2,500 and duration is 95 years. But because London was injury from war bombings at the time, High Trees may not be able to pay out its lease. To attend the company sustain its business and since numerous flats were still unrented, the plaintiffs sent a letter to the defendant confirming the reduction of the rent to 1,250. The defendants continued to pay the reduced rent and by 1945, when all the flats have been rented out, High Trees paid only 1,250. In September 1945, the plaintiff wrote a letter to the defendant collecting the legitimate amount of 2,500 for the entire year starting from September 29 to December 25, 1945. The defendants held that the letters passed on surrounded by the parties was evidence of modification in the original contract and that it was equally legally binding to the plaintiff company. headmaster Denning

The assignment is for Environmental Compliance & Safety class

The is for Environmental Compliance & preventative class - Assignment ExampleThe Clean Air Act enabled United States to enforce laws that meet minimum standards for air quality. The Act requires the EPA to come up with and enforce regulations that guard the general public against exposure to angry wastes.Factors determining whether negligence has been involved in releasing baseless materials into the environment are knowledge of the author of hazardous material and provisions in the environment laws. A person is said to be trifling in releasing hazardous waste into the environment if he has full knowledge that he generates hazardous waste in his company and goes ahead and release it to the environment without considering its impacts to the environment (Dennison, 1995). Also, a person is negligible if he understands the provisions in Clean Air Act, but contravenes the provisions.Negligent action can be said to be a failure of doing something or observing the degree of care, which is required in the discharging of a responsibility, which the individual charged with negligence ought to have done to the injured party. In this case, the negligent individual is likely to all the problems caused by failing to undertake his responsibility.RCRA categorizes hazardous waste into eight categories, which are ignitable waste, acid waste, reactive waste, acute hazardous waste, toxicity characteristic waste, waste from specific and non-specific sources, toxic waste and toss away unused chemical waste. These categories help the RCRA in grouping of the hazardous waste (Dennison, 1995).Furthermore, waste can be categorized using four criteria. These are ignitability, reactivity, corrosivity, and toxicity. Ignitable wastes are those that are flammable when exposed to a source of fire. Reactive wastes are those that react with various elements and compounds in the environment. Corrosive wastes are those wastes that cause stomach and tear of substances in the environment. T oxic

Criminal justice system Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Criminal umpire agreement - Research Paper ExampleThis paper describes the vile legal expert carcass and its importance. The paper concludes with a brief summary of the main content as well as the perception of the author in respect to the topic. Undeniably, the illegal umpire transcription is a broad atomic number 18a. The by-line is a discussion of importance of studying criminal justice system as well as the comparison between United States of Americas criminal justice system and the international criminal justice system. Proper criminal justice system attempts to restore peace and harmony within a given society. Hence, by training people on criminal justice systems, a society or nation prepares itself in experiencing remarkable peace and harmony as the trained personnel office carry place their duty in preventing and reducing crimes. This marks the first significance of studying criminal justice system. other than equipping people with skills and knowledge, studying criminal justice system enables the learners not only to understand only when also appreciate forms of crimes and how they can be reduced or prevented within the society. In addition, studying of criminal justice system provides an opportunity to an exclusive to understand and appreciate different forms of institutions, public or private, which are actively involved in preventing and reducing crimes. Since criminal law is studied within the criminal justice system, studying the latter informs learners on criminal and other branches of law. Indeed, studying criminal justice system is actually vital for ensuring maintenance of law and order with an aim of restoring peace and harmony. United States versus International Criminal jurist Systems United States of America being a western country has different criminal justice system from other international parties especially the non-western countries. the States unlike other international countries has varied goals and conceptions of cr iminal justice systems. For instance, USA practices the Anglo-Saxon legal culture and system in achieving goals and concepts of criminal justice. Following the culture and system of Anglo-Saxon principles, USA has developed varied legal ideologies in comparison to those of the international arena. In this respect, USA has for a long time through the tradition relied on emphasizing rights of defendants during the trial process as opposed to other international countries such as United Kingdom whose criminal justice system emphasizes on punishing the guilty persons (Reichel, 2007). In addition, Americas processes and procedures in determining the innocence of an individual especially within the court rooms significantly vary from other international countries. Training of personnel to take up positions, functions, and responsibilities within criminal justice department vary

Determine the value of knowledge as a competitive weapon to modern Essay

Determine the value of acquaintance as a warring weapon to modern organisations - Essay Examplent position in this as they are the real knowledge producers and hence any new knowledge that a conjunction looks for is produced courtesy through these people. (Rocca, 1992)Competitive advantage is basically prevailed by the companys capability to harness and indeed develop new forms of knowledge, gained either by annotation or by experience attained, which can be called as as drivens that in turn create the compulsory core competencies of the said organization. While these competencies do exist in many forms, learning on the crack up of a particular company plays a pivotal role, which eventually ventures into other resources of knowledge to generate high-toned and exceptional showing from the companys employees. (Dunn, 2001) Core competencies, which usually flow out of a company, forget characteristic benefits to both the customers as well as any other individuals attached with i t. These are broadly espied as being the foundation of forming a competitive advantage within the said company. It is quite sure that there is a host of focussings in which new knowledge within a company is facilitated within its ranks. The need here is to classify them with respect to their importance, which include the cultural infrastructure can be changed within a company so as to gather some proportion to the fact of the real remains that have to be taken care of in the company and in its employees minds. It demands idealization and divine revelation of everlasting knowledge that is created over a certain period of time. This usually requires basic changes to already set cultural notions in companies and more so in the minds of their employees. (Fahy, 1996) Also operational infrastructure is changed through kind-hearted resources organizational practices that are managed and received by the employees and other people in a different way altogether.A basic revamp of a knowle dge-centered company is required here, which would involve the job ladders, compensations, work locales and command and

The Various Present Day Marketing Perspectives Essay

The Various Present solar day Marketing Perspectives - Essay ExampleE-merchandising being a marketing perspective of the current time especially with the advancement of technology has come to be appreciated as a vital tool in the general marketing initiatives of an organization. As time goes by and technology advances e-marketing also changes and so are the approaches to achieving marketing goals and objectives. Currently, there are the mobile technologies like the 3G and PDAs that have come to shape e-marketing and iron the marketing arena to a higher level by incorporating electronic communications technology (Kalyanam 2009). Organisations posit to take advantage of this marketing aspect and use the internet to distribute their products, enhancing good customer relations, publicizing of products offered and to collect various responses from customers and other stakeholders through comments. An organization should incorporate into their marketing plan various e-marketing tools i n order to expand their marketing horizons. In planning for this the organization needs to do a gross(a) audit in regards to SWOT analysis, analyze the SMART e-marketing objectives, e-marketing strategies, develop tactics that entail the e-marketing mix and thenceforth evaluate the e-marketing pan performance to look into various successes and faults (Kalyanam 2009).The field of marketing has been one marred by allegations of failure to uphold ethics in conducting marketing activities like advertising and promotions (Horowitz 2005). One of the major honest issues relates to pricing strategies that organizations put in place in order to ensure the competitive advantage oer the rest. This is a practice well done by big companies and more so multinationals against smaller companies venturing into the very(prenominal) market. Some of the strategies employed are price skimming, bid rigging, and price fixing among others. The pricing strategies woo consumers more than others since th e baseline of selling and buying are the price tag of a service or a commodity.

Luigi's Family Food Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Luigis Family fodder - Case Study ExampleLuigis Family Foods Pizza is also a frozen pizza dissolute in Chicago which has reputation in the market but recently the firm has encountered a crisp decline in the market sales and share. Marketing director of the company, Reggie Pantazi chalks out some future note strategies which would help the company in reversing the declining trend of their market share and evolve as a hint player in the frozen pizza market. The paper in the initial stage will establish the study competency of the firm and elucidate the competitive and consumer environment of the firm and then will address the pros and cons of the strategies conciliateed by Reggie. Competencies of the firm, competitive and consumer environment Luigis Family Foods is a medium sized company established in Chicago with a diversified portfolio of grocery chains, line of frozen pizza distributed regionally in the Midwest. The firms delivers pizzas with moderate qualities which are mainly available in standard varieties like all lay off, cheese and pepperoni, and cheese and sausage) with various sizes as 5 column inch snack pizza, 10 inch family-size pizza, and a 14 inch deluxe pizza. The company has involved in the marketing of the products through several advertising campaigns but on that point has been sharp decline in the sales figure of the firm for which many grocers threatened to discontinue the Luigis Family Pizza (Luigis Family Food Case). Among the chief competitors recently The Pizza Company introduced a new brand, DiGiorno with a crust that rises for the first time when the pizza is baked in the home, thereby providing the same fresh-baked taste as carry-out pizza and thereby creating a competitive edge(Luigis Family Food Case).The market for the frozen pizzas have categorize into 4 categories like the regular pizza (e.g. the Tombstone brand), premium pizza (e.g. DiGiorno, commanding a higher(prenominal) price due to the quantity and quality of ingredients and eating experience), gourmet pizza (e.g. Wolfgang Pucks specialty toppings pizzas), and the less expensive fill-em-up brands (e.g. private label). Although the traditional toppings are the Americas favorite, but lock the specialty toppings have become more popular through companies like Wolfgang Puck Foods. Among the other major competitors are Krafts DiGiorno and Schwans Freschetta which also possesses solid market shares (Holocomb). Evaluation of the five options as proposed by Reggie Pantazi The marketing manager of the pizza company, Reggie Pantazi sorted out five different policies in disposition to accelerate the sales of the company. The policies which were formulated by Pantazi were advertising, extending health line, establishment of premium line, pizza pockets, and establishment of cut food service companies. But for fetching optimized results the company needs to formulate and implement a pure(a) blend of marketing mix policies. Marketing imagination and marketing Mix policy The marketing concept plays a predominant role in chalking out the best decision that the firm must adapt in order to maximize its profit motives subject to the budget constraints. The firm has to think from the production tilt as well as the sales want. In the production angle keeping the customers want as the baseline the firm should realize its potential to develop the product. From

The Ethical Significance of Consumerism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Ethical Signifi fagce of Consumerism - audition ExampleThis research will begin with the definition of consumerism as a negative phenomenon because it involves the purchase of variant items and products in very large quantities. Consumerism is often understood as a kind of manic inspiration for shopping. This concern is amplified by the fact that consumerism appears to be becoming increasingly global in its influence. scorn the opinion that consumerism is a negative phenomenon (it increases mans dependence on the service sector making him/her earn more), virtuoso lowlife point out several arguments in favor of the idea that in ethical terms, consumerism is good. Firstly, mavin should remember that consumerism is able to bring psychological satisfaction for a shopaholic, making his/her inner condition pipe down and balanced. In addition, consumerism may be presented in the form of ethical consumerism. Finally, participating in the economic culture of the region, consumeris m helps to create more favorable conditions of life for many people. Consumerism has ethical significance in the sense that it can help to stabilize relations between people. There are people who need to perform actions that can bring them pleasure and at the same time contribute to the stabilization of their psychological state. As a result, a shopaholic relieves his/her psychological tension and stress and can continue communicating with his/her friends and family in a dovish state of mind. In addition, consumerism can be presented in the form of ethical consumerism.

Using Nintendo Wii in Library Programming for Young Adults Essay

Using Nintendo Wii in Library Programming for Young Adults - Essay Example(MacKenty, 2006)One of the most controversial issues that are exceedingly associated with playing video games is the common perception that that these games could promote a culture of violence among the American youths. (Lieberman, 1998) In line with this matter, many studies have shown that playing violent video games is considered as one major constituent that could increase the number of massacres in different schools. (Gegax, Adler and Pedersen, 1998)Despite the negative impact of playing video games in the students aggressive behavior (Winkel, Novak and Hopson, 1987 Graybill et al., 1987), the researcher will discuss the benefits of using Nintendo Wii and other game storage lockers in from each one of the local school libraries. Eventually, the researcher will critically analyze the how these games could increase the students interest in knowledge the school subjects. Prior to the conclusion, the rese archer will provide a recommendation on how game condole with could be beneficial to the learning experience of the students.Nintendo Wii is considered as one of the top three next contemporaries of game console that many school librarians are considering aside from Microsofts Xbox 260 Elite and Sonys PlayStation 3 (PS3). (Czarnecki, 2007)Wii enables the players to control the game using the motion of the hands, measuring the body movement and its velocity accurately. (MacKenty, 2007) Wii is capable of delivering keen graphics and high quality sound which could significantly adds up to the quality of the students gaming experience. Since Wii game console is designed using the standard USB port, Wii games can easily be played by several students through networking. Wii game console is also applicable to older TV models to allow more students to view the game.Microsofts Xbox 260 Elite or PlayStation 3 is capable of multiplayer games. These two game consoles can be more enamor to enable

Why poverty was re-discovered in Britain in the late 1950s and early Essay

Why poverty was re-discovered in Britain in the late mid-fifties and early 1960 - Essay ExampleBritains share of world trade fell from 13.9% to 10.8% during this time. Taxation increase from 32% of GDP to 43% of GDP. Economic planning had failed and this failure precluded major social planning patronage the fact that some social reforms such as the launch of comprehensive education, reorganization of public transport, ontogenesis in health and local government.Abel-Smith and Townsend are credited with the rediscovery of poverty in the 1960s noticed that original categories such as, families with children on low incomes and retired couples often lived in difficult circumstances. The definition of poverty adopted by Abel-Smith and Peter Townsend in their 1965 study, was the concept of The Poor and the Poorest. They concluded that poverty was entirely a relative concept, and be households to be in, or at the margins of, poverty if their income was less than 140 percent of the then cur rent theme Assistance scale plus rent. In 1960, 17.9% of households lived below this relative poverty standard. An unknown, but significantly smaller, share of the population had incomes below the physical efficiency or human needs poverty lines. (Ian Gazeley, want in Britain 1900-1965)There was a strong case for saying that socially deprived families are a great deal found in confined geographic areas identifiable by certain physical and social characteristics. Examples of these characteristics geographical location, twilight zones near a citys business area areas populated by immigrants overcrowded and miserable amenities, Victorian housing stock areas with a high percentage of unskilled and semi-skilled workers higher than average proportions of families on State benefits higher than normal percentage of large families large number of fatherless families areas with little licentiousness space and recreational facilities areas with poorer health high percentage of child depri vation and delinquency.

Conflict Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Conflict - canvass ExampleStrikes are subject demonstration of employee unrest in the sense that they are a distinctly visible form of the demonstration of employee through a incarnate medium. Covert demonstration of employee unrest on the other hand is not easily discernible as it is an individualistic action that takes different forms kindred absenteeism and increase in labour turnover. Figures from the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) for loss of working days due to overt demonstration of industrial dispute in the form of strikes show a steady fall in number of strikes and the number of working days lost from 2004 to 2007. This indicates a slow down in employees resorting to the collective demonstration of industrial disputes through strikes. Absenteeism is a temporary withdrawal of work by an employee as an outflow valve for the frustrations experienced at the workplace, which is proving costly to industrial productivity on an increasing basis. This can be seen from th e estimates in 1998 that put the loss on productivity by absenteeism as $2.6 billion to the Australian industry, while in 2006 the loss increased to almost $7 billion. Industrial employee turnover as a result of employees neediness of satisfaction at the workplace is also on the rise. Employees change jobs as a covert behavior in their expression of conflict with their employers.

Strategic marketing management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

strategic marketing management - Essay ExampleThis has been of great help in improving the reputation that the caller has had in the market especially after the major recall of vehicles in 2010. The second principle that the lodge has put in place in the fall in Kingdom market is a functional assembly line structure whereby the telephoner has put in place dissimilar measures that result help in come across the needs of the consumers (Chaston 2009). Some of the needs that Toyota has put in place in the get together Kingdom include a corporate website for the consumers in the United Kingdom only, where they can ask questions and represent either queries with calculate to the products offered by the keep company. This has helped the company managers to understand the consumer behaviour in the United Kingdom, which they say is the most important calculate in determining the competitive advantage of the company in the current market (Hulbert 2007). The company has also org anized meetings where consumers are allowed to pass on any complaints or queries, which are to be dealt with within the company (Chaston 2009). On the other hand, this has helped the company in increasing the efficiency to delivering flavour products and services to the consumers, which has in pull translated to an increase in the satisfaction levels of the consumers thereby improving the reputation of the company in this market (Slate 2009). The company has also employed this principle by offering free test drives to consumers to help them ascertain the quality of automotives that are being delivered to them by the company. The third and very essential principle that Toyota has employed in the United Kingdom market is market solutions whereby the company has been able to understand that primary target of the consumers in the United Kingdom is acquiring motor vehicles that are of the best quality, which will be able to endure any type of environment (Chaston 2009). On the other ha nd, the consumer is focused in having his spoken and unspoken needs met by the company, thus the company has been on the forefront in conducting market research studies to understand what the consumers need so as to improve their corporate image (Slate 2009). Through these studies that the company has conducted over the years, it is clear it has segmented the consumers into different markets. This put to works it easy to deliver quality and effective products to them (Viardot 2004). The company has also exploited the use of technological advancements in promoting the products in the United Kingdom, such as advertisements over the internet and on television stations to make its consumers aware of the quality of vehicles that the company is offering (Viardot 2004). The company should also focus on Segmentation, Targeting, and Positioning of products change in the United Kingdom. The first stage will involve the segmentation of the consumers into different groups making it easier to deliver on their needs. Toyota has been using a philosophy known as right(a) car in the right place to segment and target its consumers in other countries around the world (McDonald 2012). Hence, using this philosophy, the company will be able to segment the

By Using the Structural Functionalist Approach Essay Example for Free

By Using the morphological Functionalist Approach Essay hold by the mint is what a democracy is made of, this might be achieved by having the party in power take into office into office by the majority, the term democracy and the practice itself is diverse in each plain but it has similar features which characterize all forms. This essay explains the impact or contributions of political parties in a great(p) republic using the Structural functionalist Approach. It allow also converse the important roles that these political parties feed in every political structure, specifically in Zambia. To start with, it will explain what the terms Liberal, Liberal Democracy and Political Parties are it will also explain the Structural functionalist Approach. Thereafter, the works and critiques of having Political parties will later be discussed.According to Emerson (1920), Liberal is that mind or attitude which wills to understand and respect opposite peoples behavior, opinions it i mplies vigorous convictions, tolerance for the opinions of others and a persistent desire for sound progress, Democracy is Rule by the people, especially as a form of government either directly, as in antiquated Greece, or through elected representatives as in many modern societies (representative democracy). Franois (1998). Therefore Liberal Democracy refers to a broad array of related ideas and theories of government that consider individual liberty to be the roughly important political goal. Partridge, 1866). A political party According to Schlesinger (1992) is a group organized to score control of government in the name of the group by winning election to public office. The Structural functionalist Approach is an approach that studies, analyses and views structures and systems in any social setting with regards to the role or functions they play in the development of any society. A political party being a structure in a political system has a vital role or function it plays i n society. A boastful democracy may take various constitutional forms it

The High Blood Pressure Essay Example for Free

The High Blood Pressure EssayThe double jinx for people with hypertension is that the extra adrenalin required by being over tilt or round constricts our arteries and blood vessels to raise our blood pressure and give us an energy boost ready to keep ourselves or to escape a dangerous situation and it could also lead to type 2 diabetesThe dependable news is that losing weight need not be difficult or involve unappetizing victualss. Losing weight is a natural way to reduce our high blood pressure. Here are my tips on how to miss weight healthily 1. Exercise Take regular moderate cardiovascular exercise, such as accelerate walking. Just 30 minutes brisk walking each day will improve our familiar health. Our heart and lungs will be strengthened and, we will lose weight if we are burning more than calories than we consume. We will also lower our high blood pressure. 2. Diet Adopt a healthy, calorie controlled diet that is rich in fresh fruit and vegetables, and is low in fat and salt. Avoid adding salt to your provender at the table. Try to eat five different fruits and vegetables each day, of which at least one should be a green vegetable. Choose lean cuts of meat and try to have two portions of oily fish, such as salmon or mackerel, each a week.Some of the most successful weight impairment diet plans advocate having six puny healthy meals a day in stead of the frequent two or three large meals. Try out the principles of food combining which lends itself to having several small meals a day. 3. Drink plenty of body of water Try to drink at least two litres of water a day not all at once, of course, but aim to have eight glaze of water spread out through the day. Doing this will help you feel fuller for longer, reducing the come-on for us to cheat on our healthy calorie controlled diet. Our bodies will also be properly hydrated. desiccation can cause high blood pressure.

Religious Health Care Essay Example for Free

apparitional headspringness bearing EssayThe engagement of spiritual dimension in spite of appearance the wellnessc are system has shaped the way through which patients recover and show more positive results within the health presidencys. Over the ult years, the goal of religion in medicine and spirituality encompass diverse medical practices analogous inelegant counseling, use of prayer and meditation in improve, evoking compassion and for preconditioness and also health professional who puzzle out with them. Therefore, it is seen that ghostly Health Care gives much emphasis on importance of bringing spirituality into the healing execute. This paper identifies and discusses matters from the reaction that must be put into further consideration by the consultant aggroup and the discussion made by governing carte du jour and the CEO.2.0 Description of important element of the governing identity cards agenda for areas of improvement in core functions Nurses, as th e core professionals in spiritual Health Care should have the following job skills and carry out the following duties as it was discussed by the boards governing agenda (Optimizing Performance and Quality, 2012). The assumptions made was that i. The resident/patient population complex in constitution, frail and experiences many dysfunctions and illness. ii. It is imperative when it comes to identification of essential mix of counselling/administrative skills, decision do skills, ethical principles and fiscal management knowledge that controls must have in order to manage and manage long-term sustenance zeal. The following five agendas was discussed about the tasks and the responsibilities of Nursing Home Administrators who will be ensuring that nurses work resultantively at Religious Healthcare (Quality of care, 2006)(a) Quality of Life and Resident CareEnsure that apiece the nursing services are exhaustively evaluated, planned and utilise so that it could increase both tone of voice of care and resident quality of life. Ensure that programs related to social services are thoroughly evaluated, planned and subsequently implemented so as to take in social and psychological preferences and the inescapably of residents with the aim of maximise quality of care and quality of life. Macke sure that programs related to food services is thoroughly evaluated, planned and implemented to meet nutritional needs of the patients within health government activity for the sake of maximizing both quality of care and quality of life. Ensure that programs related to therapeutic activities are thoroughly evaluated, planed and implemented so as to meet the interests of the patients so as to maximize the quality of care amid the quality of life.The nurse in leadership will be responsible for ensuring that information management programs is evaluated, planned and implemented so as to arrive at documentation requirements. Make sure that Residential Rights are incorpo rated with each(prenominal)(prenominal) aspect of resident care. Always ensure that the facilities within the health organization comply with local, state, as salutary as federal regulations and stipulated standards. Monitor, identify and ensure that the quality indicators are utilized with the aim of maximizing forcefulness in services delivery to patients. Ensure review, development and implementation of the resident procedures and policies. Make sure that the health facilities within the organization are in par with local state and federal regulations and standards ( long Term Care, 2010).(b) clement ResourcesNursing Home Administrators within Religious healthcare shall facilitate the process of communication between the round and management through counseling and coaching. Shall be ensuring that all the programs pertaining human resources are evaluated, planned and implemented to meet cultural diversity of the patients. Responsible in monitoring of programs, development an d implementation of programs with the sole aim of benefitting the staff. restrain out investigations to make sure that human resource management programs and policies are planned and implemented in accordance with the federal laws regulations and entities. Developing and implementing of employee safety and health programs so as to provide good running(a) environs Developing, monitoring and implementing, recruitment, evaluation, development, provision of resident services to the nurses within the health organization so as toensure job satisfaction.(c) FinanceUtilizes f fiscal resources through effective management and development of yearbook operation and development of capital budgets. Extensive implementation and development of pecuniary system, procedures and policies to monitor and evaluate financial surgical operation for instance resident trust and account payable. Implement, interpret and with financial aspects of any contractual correspondence such as consultative ser vices, vendor, managed care and organized labor. Management of reporting systems and financial audit such as information systems, charitability and cooperate compliance. Ensure that all the facilities records are highly protected for instance lay on the line management and insurance coverage. Facilitate the education and training of staff in areas related to the financial management.(d) atm and Physical EnvironmentShall be ensuring hat systems for improving and maintaining buildings, equipment and grounds are evaluated, planed and implemented accordingly. Provision of piquant and clean facilities and conducive environment for patients and the staff. Monitoring the environment to ensure that safety programs are implemented for safety, public assistance and health for visitors staff and patients who attend health organization. Residents right integration with much emphasis on facility environment. Ensuring that the policies, implementation and developments comply with the environm ental procedures and policies. Making sure that the facilities within the health organization complies with the local, state, as well as federal regulations and standards such as the Life Safety Code, CMS, OSHA and ADA. Implementation and development of universal hitch maintenance programs.(e) Management and LeadershipEnsuring that all the policies and procedures are developed in compliance with the governing entities and directives. Ensuring that all the policies and procedures are in compliance with the local, state, as well as federal rules and regulations. Evaluate, monitor and observe the impacts of the holy facilitys programs, procedures and policies so as to fulfill administrative responsibility such as attest and professionalresponsibility. lam out administrative review of survey impacts so as to come up with appropriate impacts such as Informal Dispute Resolution documentation, plan for correction and no response. Carry out education of nursing home board in respect to their responsibilities and roles and pay attention to their day-by-day actions to ensure that they adhere to the regulations and by-laws. Carry out the administrative oversight of the entire survey process. Be a team leader in professional development activities.Provide leadership skills for key staff and management team. Manage the resources and ensure that they are adequate so as to promote quality of life and comprehensive marketing. 3.0 Performance dimension that Religious Health Care could use to improve overall institutional functioning The major goal of improving individual or institutional performance in the healthcare organization is to provide sustainable and quality services for the clients. Health system in this regard is a hulking umbrella, which covers people, organizations and the measures, which is strived for maintaining, restoring, or promoting health. Therefore, improving of the performance of such general elements of the health system will ultimately pass on to positive health outcomes. Performance dimension is the process within the health organization through which the performance of system, organizations and workers are set up with the aim of improving quality and performance or success and potentiality of the healthcare system.It is the continuous and systematic process through which the outside stakeholders judge the performance of a given health institution. The stakeholders (external environment, health workers, organization, community and clients) identify strengths and gaps so as to identify root causes using tools for geographic expedition of factors, which in essence localize performance. There are various strategies through which the Religious Healthcare could do to improve the overall institutional performance (Everybodys business, 2007) Consider context- clients, health workers, organization, and community and external environment The management team of Religious Healthcare must understand that the community and extern al environment plays a vital role towards the success of the organization.This includes the perspective of health workers or employees, the community, the clients and the organisational structureserved by the organization. As the managers get familiar with such external and community factor, the desired performance will be contributed. enquiry shows that there are many variables, which determine the ability of health organization individual employees and teams to perform within an organization. While some of the factors are beyond control, the positive steps by the healthcare groups or organizations withal can improve most of them. Some of the factors include the following Social norms such as the ethnicity, religion, stratum culture and gender Accreditation or Licensing processes or requirement.Local and national infrastructure such as sanitation, water, telecom, naught and transportation. Unpredicted change in political in local and national government. National standards, regu lation, policies and the scope of work. identification of strengths and gapsThis involves the process through which the Religious Healthcare can possibly improve the performance by defining the desired performance, assessment of quality and performance and comparison of the various levels with the intention of establishing the strengths and weaknesses. Successful organization usually uses international or national standards and guidelines for setting up the desired standards. Such cooperative work for description of performance is necessary especially when it comes to building consensus amongst stakeholders and the achievement of the desired goals. It also acts as an initial horizontal surface of the evaluation plan that determines lies out to be rated before and after interventions (Everybodys business, 2007). Identifying performance of the health care organization will adequately become simpler when compared using different levels of performance.Evaluation and monitoring of th e mount upThe Religious Healthcare can steadily monitor the progress of the performance through evaluation and monitoring so as to spot any changes in the performance gap. It is however necessary to spot changes at to each one and every step of the process so that any adjustment can be made in the course of the progress. For example, if a certain employee does not perform, as she/he is required, appropriate measures can be taken to rectify the situation. Toachieve such, the management should develop an evaluation plan which will then be integrated into the workplace process to act as a continuous feedback tool used to measure changes and quality within the Religious Health Education. Final judgment should measure against the level performance amongst the workers and specifically determine the gaps in gender equality have been strengthen and closed due to intervention. It should also delineate the broader outcomes like increased productivity or improved health outcomes (Competing set of Emergency Department Performance, 2004).4.0 Performance Measures Religious Healthcare could use to Evaluate Nursing Staff Performance in its Emergency Room The enduringness of emergency department to responds to critical needs of the patients is very important. To respond to the current dynamic environmental changes in the healthcare system, emergency departments should be very flexible and ready to adapt flexible changing models of health care delivery. Cross-sectional survey methods can be used to analyze and describe the performance of the nurses in the Religious Healthcare. Two groups (of stakeholders) will be necessary during the evaluation community stakeholders (paramedics and homecare) and hospital stakeholders (managers, nurses and physicians). Estimates of the design effect and sample size will be used in determining the realistic number of the future sampling units. Descriptive statistics will then be used to analyze characteristics and to make the comparisons o f the outcomes in each section.5.0 Strategies Religious Health Care could implement to enhance its public image and increase market trade To increase its performance and win the market share, there are number of steps, which the Religious Healthcare could use. world-class is the strategic think. Strategic planning provides the basis of good foundation to the entire health program. Effective planning will ultimately help the Religious Health organization to improve performance. (Making Health Communication Programs Work, 2010) rifle aware of the critical health issues, which need to be addressed. Set priorities which will be the foundation of the progress of the organization Derive communication programs which is crucial for the smooth running of the organization Establish the role, which the communication plays in the health communication.6.0 Critical managementissues, purpose, functions, and performance measures of different departments within healthcare organizations The recen t changes in the nature of the healthcare organizations like meeting strict guidelines, improving the quality of care and pressures to reduce cost has forced many health organizations to reconsider how they evaluate their performance. The most effective systems in the organization align organizational resources and units as well as integrate the initiatives. Therefore, three areas that needed to be addressed in the organizations needs (Casta,1999) To guide a given health organization to a particular billing To effectively manage all the resources needed to travel in such direction To operate all the processes which make the particular health organization work.ReferencesCasta, K. (1999). Performance Measurement in Healthcare. Retrieved on November 29, 2013, from http//www.qualitydigest.com/may99/html/body_health.html Competing Values of Emergency Department Performance Balancing Multiple StakeholderPerspectives. (2004). Retrieved on November 29, 2013, fromhttps//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.go v/pmc/articles/PMC1361037/ Everybodys business strengthening health systems to improve health outcomes WHOsframework for action. (2007). Retrieved on November 29, 2013, fromhttp//www.who.int/healthsystems/strategy/everybodys_business.pdf White, K. R., Griffith, J. R. (n.d.). The Well-Managed Healthcare Organization Seventh Edition. Chicago, Illinois Health Administration Press. Etheridge, L. (n.d.).Long Term Care. (2010). Retrieved on November 29, 2013, fromwww.achca.org/content/pdf/LTCPLC_Core_Func-R_6-07lw.pdf Making Health Communication Programs Work. (2010) Retrieved on November 29, 2013, fromhttp//www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/cancerlibrary/pinkbook/page5 Martin, J. (2001). Team Performance in the emergency room assessment of inter-disciplinaryattitudes. Retrieved on November 29, 2013 fromhttps//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11334690 Optimizing Performance and Quality. (2012). Retrieved on November 29, 2013, fromwww.intrahealth.org/ files/ media/ optimizing-performance-and-quality /OPQ_FINAL.pdf Quality ofcare a process for making strategic choices in health systems. (2006). Retrieved onNovember 29, 2013 from http//www.who.int/management/quality/assurance/QualityCare_B

Early Childhood Education and Children Essay Example for Free

Early Childhood teaching and Children EssayAre there any benefits for children stick by one of set up with them at crustal plate? Mothers who stay at home are helpful for their family. umpteen set outs prefer to make water their children to their mothers, but if there is not grandmother to manage child, that will be chore especially if the child is still baby or infant. Mothers are compelled to find a place to assign their child there. some kinds of places that may mothers join their child to stay there and to substantiate education, such as to educational settings which consist of early child education, pre-school, nursery school, and pre-kindergarten. Also, there are umteen places to get make do and education for children nanny, governess, babysitting, au pair, and extended family, for example. In fact, mothers ending that choosing stay with her children at home or going to work and joining her children in convenient place, is important critical for her. A mothe r who stays at house are more probable to have time to be mired with their children. Those mothers who stay home is able to become more completely involved their children activities.For example, mother will give carful and interest for her children. Moreover, many people mention to needs childhood such as feeding, sustenance, and nurturing. Most women have been housewife to be breadwinners, and to be caretakers. Child care can cost up to $15,000 for one stratum in the United States. Approximately six out of every ten children, or almost 12 million children, age 5 and younger, are being jointly cared for by parents and early childhood educators, relatives, or other child-care providers (Lynn, 2002).Indeed, many societies have been assumed that women will stay home and take care of their children period their spouses go out and work. In addition, woman pregnancy suffers to go out and doing hard work many hours without rest times, but when she stay home will get time to have rest a nd lying. Many mothers work to be ready for unexpected situations like a husbands unemployment, husbands death, a divorce, or sickness. In fact, nobody wants to be working more than eight hours a day and missing his or her family life.In encouragement of mothers who want to work, Dr. Phil says that many mothers optimism to be a parent and pursue an occupation and they oft become miserable when they are stuck just in a parenting capacity. If the child is mothered by a parent who is feeling frustrated and depressed and empty, that is not a good thing, he says. Even though some parents are now separated, father upholds in the role of primary caregiver to his children, while mother continue to support her family. A man is not hard to give up the traditional role as breadwinner.However, A woman can be more responsibility to make money and take care for her family. A lot of women have been socialized to be service workers for their societies, not solely to be housewife. whatsoever tim e a man feels difficult to abdicate some things like giving up self-worth, feelings of masculinity and personal power. It can be tough on men, especially in the beginning. In conclusion, its these deeper issues. Making the decision to stay home with your children or join the workforce can be a difficult process. It appears approximating use moms just cant success.Every woman has dream to be effective in her society and earn money, but she will face challenges with her care children. Sources 1. Dr. Phil http//drphil. com/articles/article/284 2. Olson, Lynn (2002). According to the 2002 Quality Counts survey conducted by Education Week, around six out of every ten children, or almost 12 million children, age five and younger, are being jointly cared for by parents and early childhood educators, relatives, or other child-care providers. Starting Early. Education Week 21 (17) 1011. Retrieved 24 November 2012.

Physics coursework Essay Example for Free

Physics coursework EssayTo make it clearer, I subscribe to provide some graphs to my report, which would show much clearer what is happening in the essays. On the table I contain written, snapped for the end result of each experiment. This literally mingys that the fit out has snapped at this point.Unfortunately one of the experiments snapped ahead the other two, this information would prove to me that either the experiment was carried out differently, poorly, or just that the wire was in different conditions. Analysis Firstly a major factor that I investigated which I believed would affect the exceed that the wire stretched, was the age period between applying encumbrances. If I applied all the pitchs at the same time it would snap quickly and results that I would fuddle received would extradite contradicted each other, by this I pissed when each weight is added it wouldnt have enough time to stretch the wire to its full potential.To resolve this I applied the wei ght on a two minute time period, however considering that the original 70 or so Newtons didnt have much effect on the wire, I applied them at a slightly faster rate. The following table shows the relationship between the mass and distance stretched As you skunk clearly see from the graph, the first 50 Newtons have no effect on the wire, between 50 180 Newtons little change is occurring, but from that point the wire is experiencing boastfully amounts of phase. Small seek allow for cause the copper wire to stretch. Remove the stress and it returns to its original dimensions. This is known as visco stretch contortion.If the stress is increased too far and it passes the point of pliant deformation, the wire snaps. However at this point of elastic deformation the wire yields, from this point the wire begins to deform, this is now plastic deformation. The information that I now have enables me to calculate other such factors of the physics of the experiment. I rotter work out s tress and taste levels, and then from that, the youngs modulus of the wire. The youngs modulus of the wire tells me how flexible or stretchy the wire is. Calculations Stress = Load / (cross sectional theater of the wire) Cross sectional area of the wire = pie x r (squared)Cross sectional area of the wire = 0. 1075mm(squared) Stress = x / 0. 1075 inventory = Extension / Original Length Strain = x / 300(cm) Youngs Modulus = Stress / Strain I can add the stress, strain and youngs modulus values to my table Mass Distance (mm) (N) Exp 1 Exp 2 Exp 3 Average Strain Stress Youngs ModulusSnapped Snapped.The information I have received from the table leave alone then enable me to provide the conclusion with such arguments as youngs modulus graphs The stress-strain graph for the copper wire is fine much a straight line, up to the point where it fractures. At the point where it fractures the wire experiences plastic deformation this is when the wire cannot be shaped back into its original counterpart.To show the stress and strain levels acting on the wire most effectively it would be clearer to draw a graph The graph above shows the elastic region, the plastic region (extension uniform along length) and the plastic region (necking has begun). Conclusion From these results and the way that I have interpreted them I can conclude that the wire behaves to the weight applied to it, in firstly an elastic behavior pattern, then finally in a plastic behavior pattern, depending on how much weight is applied. The more weight applied to the wire, the closer it gets to plastic behavior and eventually snapping.Therefore stress and strain levels upon the wire at these points are behaving differently resulting in a youngs modulus graph, which proves the elastic/plastic behavior patterns. virtually of the results that were recorded may have been affected by human errors such as applying the weights drastically and bar the distances that wire has stretched incorrectly, but however carrying out the experiment in great detail would take large amounts of time, which would not enable me to compile three experiments and an average.Ways that my experiment could have been improved if a weight applying mechanism were used, it would prevent the weights causing noticeable differences to the distance that the wire has stretched. Another problem, which I experienced with the weights, was the fact that more than one slotted mass hook to be applied to the wire. If a device was prepared so that weights were added to the slotted mass alternately to prevent handling the weight to apply the mass. If I were to carry out the experiment again, I would use a thinner wire, or one with a lower tensile strength.This would mean that less weight is to be applied to the wire. I would do this because if you look back at my results the first 60 or 70 Newtons dont affect the wire at all. If the wire is going to snap sooner, it provide mean that the wire will stretch less. George Buse Mr P ellet Physics Coursework 1 Show preview alone The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Electricity and Magnetism section.

Managing Culture and Change Essay Example for Free

Managing Culture and Change EssayThe present scenario has made the future of governing bodys uncertain. Companies that atomic number 18 excelling in their relevant industries right with let on delay may be pushed pop in the near future by upstarts with better ideas and more versatility than them. It has happened so often in the past that the only certainty is that it leave apply on happening in the future. The only long term sustainable competitive emolument that organizations piece of tail hope to create is through and through their people, and the demeanor of these people is largely determined by the corporate culture in which they are immersed. A victorful corporate culture leave behind see the organization through the near future, but unless the organization is proactive in its bid to keep on adapting to the changing backup environment, that same corporate culture may sound the death knell for the organization in the future. embodied CULTURE AND PERFORMANCE The question on every entrepreneur, every CEO, and on every member of the bill of fare of Directors mind since before the inception of the concept of an organization as an institution has been how to make more cash?Once this fundamental urge has been recognized one flowerpot comprehend the reason behind the actions of the preceding(prenominal) in ensuring the conquest of their respective(prenominal) organizations, as the evidence of past decades have proved that organizational succeeder is the key determinant of greater financial reward for them hence stemmed the bring to identify the factors that would s keep into success for an organization. The idea that an organizations culture would influence its performance is hardly new.Search of Excellence, published in 1982 and authored by Waterman and Peters made the concept famous, and in 1992 in Corporate Culture and Performance, Hesket and Kotter compared mingled organizations and the relation of their performance within a metre period with their cultures. But with increasing research being conducted on the correlation amid an organizations romance and the employees actions, doubt is cast on the efficacy of expecting that an organizations culture exit determine its performance.Instead, consensus is being established that a few core determine largely determine the success or failure of organizations. SUCCESS Success of an organization can be defined differently depending on the indus picture in which the organization operates. An organization in a high risk industry can posture success as the ability to survive all these years. Another organization may view continuing appendage over and above competitors as success, while still other might sample to become the market leader in its particular industry in order for it to be considered a success. Pyramid of giving medicational trainingWhatever the perception an organization has, in order to be successful an organization needs to follow six steps or tasks at each level of its ingathering in order for it to succeed at all of those typifys. It needs to determine its market niche in which it will operate, develop the product/service accordingly, acquire the relevant resources be they land labour or capital, develops a system of standardized procedures for operations, and then the same for circumspection, and finally, develop a corporate culture that wariness perceives as being important to lead the unfaltering.Before whatever further discussion can be carried reveal, corporate culture must be defined as, a structure of collective value and beliefs that spend a penny together with the systems, the organizational structure, and the employees to produce norms, which then turn into what is necessary to the organization, and the processes of getting things done the how and the why. It is an intangible grimace of an organization that cannot be seen, touched, heard or smelt, but is present nonetheless and which ultimately deter mines whether that organization will succeed or not.It is the core values that were mentioned earlier, to produce the norms that determine the behaviour of the employees, which ultimately determines the productivity and therefrom success of the star sign. The steps taken together are framed as a hierarchical type into a pyramid of organizational development that emphasizes the importance of each step for the organizations development depending on the stage of growth the organization is in at that point.The last three of the steps form the structure that will be the sustainable competitive advantage of the warm, inimitable by competitors, thus ensuring long term success for the house. ROLES OF CORPORATE CULTURE Corporate culture by itself plays several roles in the organization. It develops a cultural individuality in an employee by establishing a commitment of the employee to achieving the organizations goals and objectives. That identity serves to increase the devotion and in volvement of the employee by fashioning him/her reconcile the organizations success as his/her own.Corporate culture also uses a deductive approach to organise an employees behaviour with askable norms that have been already determined by the organization so that it need not worry about policing the employee to do what is right according to the organization. Instead of the management having to interfere now the employees peers can bring a maverick back in line with acceptable behaviour as determined by the values of the organization. In sum to these, an organizations culture acts as a motivational tool that is more effective than managerial insistence.However, if the organizations stated values are out of sync with the culture that is being promoted the employees will become disillusioned with the organization and its stated commitment to attribute of work life as the rewards will be based on the stated values as opposed to what the prevailing organizational culture promotes. T YPES OF CORPORATE CULTURE Strong The craved roles that the culture of the organization is to play and reality may starkly differ depending on the type of culture that is prevalent in the organization.A Strong Culture is reminiscent of an organization that spends a significant amount of time and resources in discourse and reinforcement by management of the values of the organization to the various employees. This is facilitated by having healthful-defined vision and mission statements that have been established with the help of both the top and bottom rung of the organization. In addition, these statements and their espoused values are adopted by top management and thus succeed in their task of influencing the employees by convincing them of their commitment to the organization and its value system. derelict On the other hand a Weak Culture is quite the opposite, in its lack of cultural identity and the divergence of employee behaviour and organizational goals. A weak culture also involuntarily imparts an image of punishing those employees that might be working towards organizational success, through the actions of their peers who have this weak corporate value system ingrained into them. Thus there is picayune allegiance to the organization and little unity inside it. Unhealthy An Unhealthy corporate culture rests on the basis that change is undesirable.In much(prenominal) an environment risk-taking and experimentation for the sake of innovation is frowned upon, and so the organization has to seek ideas outside the firm for better practices and approaches. This is a costly result of the politicized environment that prevails in such an organization, where decisions are made based on the power wielded by the participants and not on the value of their respective input. Adaptive The fourth type of culture in an organization is an Adaptive one which is contrary to the unsound culture in its regard for entrepreneurial activities.Such an organization is a proac tive entity that actively seeks out advance(a) and experimental solutions to any issues that might have to be faced. Risk taking is encouraged to the expiration that employees might be funded to bring their ideas to life, in the recognition that successful adaption to the environment through risky enterprises enable the organization to prosper over its competitors. CONFLICT IN CORPORATE CULTURE An organizations culture is influenced by the accessible power of relationships, more specifically, the potential loss of those relationships.This invokes cognitive dissonance in a person more than does any other action, and thus motivates us the most to make sure that such a state of affairs does not arise. From this motivation an organizations culture is developed as a means to protect these relationships, leading to the conjecture of conflict closing and culture development. Social influences in the form of formal and informal networks, family networks, relationships with leaders, an d legal regulations are what determine the behaviour of a person in an organization with regards to conflict resolution.Although conflict invariably leads to walk-to(prenominal) bond in relationships than before, it can also lead to rejection or coercion by one or both party. The conflict can only be resolved when both parties either cooperate in or reject the relationship. The eventual conflict resolution results in a differing viewpoint held by the onlookers as either a matter of public discourse or of private thought, which viewpoints are shared with others depending on the closeness of their relationship.And while cooperative conflict resolutions foster greater trust and unity, competitive conflict resolution in hierarchically dominated organizations, where management often passes judgement rather than mediates, results in a chasm betwixt formal and informal cultures that causes a drop in organizational performance. HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGERS Human pick Management has become an increasingly important function in organizations with the findings of several researches supporting the relation between high-performance and HR practices.The recognition through these researches that the only long term sustainable competitive advantage that an organization enjoys is the capabilities of its human resource has further caused organizations to reinvent this previously neglected function as well as resulted in an increase in the perceived advantages of a strategically-focused Human Resource Department. Amongst these, cultural management is an important benefit that pertains to the development, communication, reinforcement, and change of the corporate culture to the employees.SUCCESSFUL CORPORATE CULTURE An organizations corporate culture can either hinder or contribute to the success of a firm by influencing the behaviours and attitudes of employees with respect to the overall organizational strategy. A corporate culture that promotes behaviours that are rangeed with t he telephoners values provides guidance to the employees with respect to the accepted norms of the organization and reinforces those peer actions that support the desired culture.The HR as the manager of the corporate culture aligns its own practices in an effort to increase commitment amongst employees towards achieving the desired vision of the organization by reaching their performance targets, and by engaging in adaptive and innovative entrepreneurial activities. A successful corporate culture is one which supports the organizations execution of its strategy, with the help of HR managers, who align the desired values of the organization with the values that are actually prevalent. charm some organizations seek to dictate specific corporate values that will lead to greater performance, it has been discovered that instead it is the fit of these values to the internal and external realities of the organization the employees behaviour and the business environment that the HR mus t focus on as a culturally compatible management system. To do so, the practices of the HR Management, more specifically, the staffing, training and development, inducing and payment packages, performance appraisals and job design, all become areas where HR can influence the cultural communication strategy.As a company that dedicated its existence to the production and sale of coffee, Starbucks has experience phenomenal growth to reach its current market leadership position. From generating sales of $122 million in 1993, Starbucks has grown to such an extent that its competitors have less outlets in all of the United States than Starbucks has in California. And the stated reason by its CEO, Howard Schultz, for this success is its people.The way we treat our people affects the way they treat our customers and, in turn, our financial performance. In space of this statement Starbucks offers good quality of work life to its employees, adopts diversity as an integral part of doing bus iness, maintains a high standard in its production processes, develops its customers, engages in Corporate Social Responsibility, and recognizes the importance of maintaining profitability as a means of continued success. NOT-SO-SUCCESSFUL CORPORATE CULTUREUnfortunately, discovering the right fit of values that an organization can use as a component of its successful corporate strategy can become the winners curse if left unmonitored, for while it is difficult to change any culture in any organization, changing a seemingly successful culture is next to impossible. No one wants to mess with a winning formula, whether due to superstition, the belief that it will weather any competition, or due to inability to accept that the environment has changed.Whatever the reason, history is replete with examples of how successful companies were brought to their knees by a more versatile competitor. The US automobile industry was indifferent of the lower-costing, higher-quality Japanese cars unt il it was too late, believing that the Japanese cars were just a flying novelty. In the same way, until sales started decreasing fast Sears remained ignorant of the changes brought to the organizations environment by Wal-Mart. The McDonnell Douglas Corporation is another example of a company that failed to adapt to the changing environment, and was acquired by Boeing.Core Rigidities Inducting the use of Standard operating(a) Procedures as a means to increase production by cutting down on wastage of time and resources, while beneficial in producing economies of scale can be harmful to the future success of the firm as well. These procedures and routines can serve as a source of suitable solutions to any problems that might be faced, but in doing so negate the possibility of searching for knowledge and innovation outside the organization. consequently the core competency of the firm is transformed into the core rigidity as exploration is shelved for exploitation.In addition to which , the feedback from the use of SOPs is ignored due to selective filter of already existing procedures which siphon out any corrective measures that the feedback might have been trying to highlight. This is largely due to the fact that no firm can keep changing forever. There is an absorptive capacity for every organization beyond which it is incompetent of adapting to any more change. Crisis The only way to break out of such a potentially doubtful advantage is for there to be an existence of a crisis that jolts the organization out of its routine.Some companies even try to introduce the perception of a crisis in the organization in order to stimulate innovation, such as Hewlett Packard, following the story by Sturgeon, Microcosmic God in which Sturgeon talks of a miniature humanity which is introduced to numerous difficulties such as earthquakes, and droughts, and whose inhabitants are forced to either evolve or die out. While such practices might seem unethical it is disputed whe ther it is more advisable to let a firm fail because the leader of the organization could not bring it upon himself/herself to fool the employees for their future benefit.CONCLUSION If an organizations successful culture eventually ends up costing the organization in the future, can it really be deemed a successful corporate culture? Up to the limit of an organizations absorptive capacity, a successful corporate culture should be redefined as a culture that while maintains all the characteristics as mentioned previously, is also a culture that can recognize that no matter what the fit of the organizations culture is at present, that fit can change, and the possibility of that change should not be ignored, rather it should be actively sought out.And while it is a difficult thing to change a culture at any point, the organization should be ready to do so if it is to maintain its competitive advantage and not be replaced by a more nimble and recent competitor like Sears was by Wal-Mart .BIBLIOGRAPHY Cummings, T. G. Worley, C. G. (2005) Organization Development and Change. USA. Thomson South-Western. Davenport, T. H. Prusak, L. (2000) Working Knowledge. Harvard Business Press Hassard, J. Pym, D.(1993) The Theory and Philosophy of Organizations. Routledge Hitt, M. A. , Hoskisson, R. E. Ireland, R. D. (1998) Strategic Management Competitiveness and Globalization. Cengage knowledge Kono, T. Clegg, S. (1998) Transformations of Corporate Culture. Walter de Gruyter Kotter, J. (1992) Corporate Culture and Performance. Free Press. Thompson, A. A. Jr. , Strickland III, A. J. Gamble, J. E. (2006) Crafting and Executing Strategy. United States.McGraw-Hill Balkaran, L. (1995) Corporate Culture. Find Articles Internet. lendable from http//findarticles. com/p/articles/mi_m4153/is_/ai_17365781 December 19, 2008 Denison, D. How your corporate culture can impact your business performance. IMD Webletter Internet. Available from http//www01. imd. ch/webletter/pdf/LinkingCorpo rateCulture. pdf December 19, 2008 Flamholtz, E. Hua, W. (2002) Strategic Organizational Development and the Bottom

Picture & musical instrument Essay Example for Free

Picture musical instrumentate EssayIn this picture, it showcases a man playing a musical instrument called bagpipes which are bombastic and blanket(a)ly used in Scotland and Ireland. Based on the composition of the image, the man is probably a player from an average social class because his choice clothing is typically worn by commvirtuosors probably during the reincarnation period. Generally, this illustration depicts an ordinary event in a actors life in the primaeval periods. There are many components in this image that can certify the story of this single picture. Lines, shapes, coloring, blend and proportions are the elements that give life to a portrait.For the hat, it is a simple head ornament made from a plain fabric. The color gray with touches of brown suggest that it must had been used numerous times. The color confederacy gives it an aged look making it in a itinerary look stylish. More so, the flower with a hint of light purple and baby pink colored petal s that is surrounded by a equalise of olive green leaves provided a natural component in the instrumentalists head cover. At first, it may seem that the beautiful flower is wilting probably because of its downward position just now if viewing audience would look closely, the loveliness of the flower resides on its perfect color combination which exudes harmony.Additionally, a two-toned colored square is also present on the hat. It is seamlessly intertwined with the flower. The feather added life on this very minimal hat finished the blending of the colors gold and cream. Further much, the soft brushstrokes on the strands of the feathers give a sense of course. It contrasted the stiff but delicate position of the flower. Moreover, the feather and the flower can be considered as accents of the hat that showcases the creativity of the musician and his love for things that possess simple yet striking beauty.On another note, hats are usually are worn outdoors during sunny days to protect the face from the rays of the sun. But on this picture, the black range suggests that the time was around in the evening or he was probably indoors which justifies the dark backdrop. Meanwhile, the comparatively large brim of the hat had cast a shadow on the musicians face. In a way, his wrinkles were partly concealed from the viewers line of sight. But if it will be examined closely, the series of lines on the forehead and on the mouth area can be considered as the focal points of the facial gambols.These lines designate that the musician is probably in his late 40s or early 50s. On the other hand, the eyes tell a different story. It is hard to tell whether the arch of the go away eyebrow and the roundness of the eyes hint an emotion. He can either be feeling tired or impassive during his performance. The semi-closed mouth with ripples of lines a ache the cheek area also adds up to the anonymity of the musicians emotions. No outstanding feature can really be distinguis hed making it hard to determine the prominent mood of the painting.Overall, the musicians face was painted in details. The realistic skin-toned color of the face accented by a small blush of red on the cheeks, the protruding nose, big black eyes, arched eyebrows, nude lips and the exquisite facial lines made an accurate representation of a males physical appearance. Furthermore, the layers of wardrobe added more personality into the painting. The musician is wearing three layers of garments. In the first layer is a washrag treyed long sleeve shirt which is covered by a red V-shaped long sleeve with a wide collar.The bottom of the red shirt is tightened by a garter producing sections of scrunched up fabrics. Also, it seems that there is a hard-boiled of embroidery at the bottom of the red shirt which serves as the accents to this plain piece of clothing. It is evident from the collar line to the sleeves that the musician is wearing layered clothes. Also, the combination of red an d white complements very well. The simplicity of the white is balanced off by the intensity of the red. The third layer is a coat which has the same color as the hat with a dominant grayish tone but with touches of light brown and white.Also, the usance of dark colors gave a slimming effect on the musician which made him look less stocky. The veneer of the coat has a similar shade with the red shirt but more on the orange tree side. Probably this was intended to give continuity and proper blending of the colors used in the outfit. The entirely look of the clothes did not seem stiff because of the folds seen all over the layers of clothing. The folds were intricately added to add movement in order for the clothes to look like as if they were moving with the musician.More so, these folds or lines contrasted the thickness of the coat which gave a fluid quality to the wholly picture. An unusual element was present on the left sleeve of the coat. This prey has a circular shape with three layers of different sizes ranging from small to large. At one end is a hole where a red ribbon was tied which was pinned into the coat. Most likely this object is a type of medal that represents the musicians profession or his achievements or this could just be an ornament used for fashion purposes.Regardless of its function, the circular object adds a touch of splendor to the whole garment. Moreover, the layers of clothing suggest that the weather was cold and that the musician needed the three levels of shirts to provide heat in order for him to properly play his bagpipes. Meanwhile, the bagpipe was illustrated in a neutral mocha brown color. Four pipes of change heights and appearance were strategically strewn all over the irregularly shaped leather bagpipe. Because of the different sizes of pipes, it gave an partiality of elevation giving some dimension to a flat medium.Also, the creases on the bagpipe added some movement and tensity to the image. Furthermore, the hand s of the musician holding the main pipe were precisely demonstrated. The veins, the nails and even the lines on the knuckles were accurately portrayed. The viewers can really notice these details which suggest that these hands have been through a lot of experience in playing musical instruments. Despite the rigidity of the details on the hands, the way the hands were positioned displayed softness and finesse which is a true mark of a talented musician.

Management Information System Essay Example for Free

Management Information transcription Essay drumhead 1 In the 21st century, learning engineering science has emerged as the fundamental technology of backup sector. Explain how it has assistanted transaction and state examples of real time situation which you have read about of experienced.Decision Support, Problem analytic opinion and Over whole ControlBusiness arguers often need to make decisions that give the gate affect the business fortunes matchless way or other. For example, a company with sales outlets or distributors spread everywhere a capacious geographic bea magnate want to optimize the logistical operations of delivering merchandise to the outlets. The best dissolver might be affected by numerous factors such as demand patterns, availability of merchandise, distances elusive and the option of using external carriers (who sack find two way loads and might switch off a lesser cost option over long distances) instead of own vehicles. While it might be possible to physical exercise complex mathematical formulas by hand to compute the best solution, computers diversify the whole process into a routine task of feeding certain study as input and obtaining suggestions for best solutions as output.The task shag naturally be done in a a few(prenominal) minutes (instead of hours or evening eld) and it catchs possible to examine several alternatives before deciding upon one that collarms or so realistic. Identifying problems and analysing the factors that ca drop them excessively has been transformed by modern computer study trunks. In a typical MIS environment, standard reports ar generated in a routine manner canvass actual performance against original estimates. The softw atomic number 18 that generates the report can be instructed to highlight exceptions, i.e. significant variations mingled with original estimates and actual performance. Managers go out thus become aw ar of problem areas in the daily course of their lend simply by looking at the reports they receive, without having to do detailed info collection and computations themselves. Identifying the factors responsible for the problem can to a fault be routinized to some extent by using such tools as variance abridgment.Variance analysis is an element of standard costing organization that splits deviations from estimates (or standards) into causative factors such as increase in hurt of materials utilise, excessive usage of materials, unexpected machine downtimes, etc. With such a detailed report, look atrs can pass deeper into the problem factor, such as why there was excessive usage of materials. Control is also exercised done variance analysis. Budgets are prepared for all business operations by concerned managers working in a coordinated fashion. For example, estimated sales volumes pass on determine the levels of production production levels will determine young material purchases and so on. With good education stra tegy management, it then becomes possible to generate timely reports comparing actual sales, production, raw material deliveries, etc against estimated levels.The reports will help managers to keep a watch on things and receive corrective action straightawayly. For example, the production manager will become aware of falling sales (or move sales) of occurrence products and can prepare to make adjustments in production schedules, and purchasing and scroll managers will become quickly aware of any mounting inventories of un utilize materials. MIS thus enhances the quality of dialogue all slightly and can significantly improve the effectiveness of operations control.Effective MIS Involves Humans and Computers Working together The major aspect to note is that MIS provides only the information it is the responsibility of concerned managers to act on the information. It is the synergy between efficient, accurate and speedy equipment and humans with common sense, intelligence and j udgment that really gives power to MIS. As a chartered accountant with business management qualifications and decades of exposure to business in senior to top level positions, Gopinathan helps small to medium businesses with raw(a) business start-up, business performance improvement and marketing. He uses structured business modelling techniques to help with all these, and has launched a business support website to provide the help in a convenient manner irrespective of geographical distances and boundaries.SignificanceInformation technology has grown to permeate the business world, affecting how companies make and market their products, as well as how people fade and accomplish their jobs in modern organizations. Specialized software shapes best-practices and industry standards, continually changing the face of business in approximately e genuinely way. Information technology management includes many of the basic functions of management, such as mental facultying, organizing, b udgeting and control, but it also has functions that are unique to IT, such as software development, change management, network planning and tech support. Generally, IT is used by organizations to support and compliment their business operations. The advantages brought about by having a dedicated IT department are too great for most organizations to pass up. almost organizations actually use IT as the centre of their business. corroboratory Impact on BusinessFirst off, I.T. affects how businesses go about with their usual routine. For instance the technology allows companies to go paperless, depending only on digital data installs to store important data. Many pundits see this as a hazard isnt digital data flimsy and unreli suitable, they ask. But the campaign offers several benefits as wellincluding diminution in operational cost, since the business no longer has to buy or rent space or equipment just to store data. Information Technology also affects the accuracy of business o perations. When a company uses a computerized accounting administration instead of relying on a real live accountant, they eliminate (or, at the very(prenominal) least, significantly reduce) human error. And because such systems allow for faster operations, the companys workers can concentrate on more pressing tasks.The impact of the Management Information SystemThe impact of MIS on the functions is in its management. With a good MIS support, the management of marketing, finance, production and personnel becomes more efficient, the tracking and monitoring the functional targets becomes easy. The functional managers are informed about the progress, achievements and shortfalls in the activity and the targets. The manager is kept alert by providing certain information indicating the probable trends in the versatile aspects of business. This helps in forecasting and long-term perspective planning. The manager attention is brought to a situation which is exceptional in nature, inducin g him to take an action or a decision in the matter. A disciplined information reporting system creates a structured database and a knowledge base for all the people in the organization. The information is available in such a form that it can be used straight away or by blending and analysis, saving the managers valuable time.The MIS creates another(prenominal) impact in the organization which relates to the agreement of the business itself. The MIS begins with the definition of a data entity and its attributes. It uses a vocabulary of data, entity and attributes, respectively, designed for information generation in the organization. Since all the information systems use the dictionary, there is common understanding of terms and terminology in the organization bringing clarity in the communication and a confusable understanding of an event in the organization. The MIS calls for a systemization of the business operations for an effective system design. This leads to streamlining o f the operations which fine-tune the system design.It improves the administration of the business by bringing a discipline in its operations everybody is call for to follow and use systems and procedures. This process brings a high degree of professionalism in the business operations. Since the goals and objective of the MIS are the products of business goals and objectives, it helps indirectly to pull the entire organization in one direction towards the corporate goals and objectives by providing the relevant information to the people in the organization. A well designed system with a digest on the manager makes an impact on the managerial efficiency. The fund of information motivates an enlightened manager to use a variety of tools of the management. It helps him to resort to such exercises as experimentation and modelling. The use of computers enables him to use the tools and techniques which are out of the question to use manually. The ready-make packages make this task simp ler. The impact is on the managerial ability to perform. It improves the decision make ability considerably.Communications TechnologyLeveraging advances in communications technology is imperative to surviving in the modern business world. Advances in cellular phone technology have revolutionized the way businesspeople surpass with clients, employees, suppliers and strategic partners. The Internet has revolutionized the marketing function in addition to opening up a wide-eyed range of communication options. Modern reinvigoratedphones are changing the game yet again with the introduction of new and innovative applications. A small business owner can now access a web- base client relationship management service on a smartphone from anywhere in the world, for example, allowing him to obtain vital data about contacts before making calls.AccessibilityBy making communication more convenient, communication technology has helped to make communication more accessible, especially long-dist ance communication. Through various computer-mediated communication methodscommunication done with the use of a computer, such as email, instant hearts, and social networking websitesyou can easily and instantly communicate with people in other cities, states and countries. This is vastly different from early forms of long-distance communication. Early forms of long-distance communication included the use of homing pigeons and/or runners to carry a contentedness to its destination. How long a message would take before r separatelying its destination depended on the distance between the person sending the message and the person receiving the message.Mass CommunicationOrganizations, interchangeable schools and businesses, use electronic communication to share information with a large number of people. Businesses can send mass emails to employees in order to inform workers about things like rule changes and important meetings. Many academic institutions use mass communication in or der to check a well-informed campus. In case of an emergency, such as a spreading fire or presence of an armed assailant, mass communication can quickly inform people of the situation, giving sufficient notice to allow people to take the necessary actions to stay safe. Computer-mediated communication can be socially beneficial.For people who are socially awkward, computer-mediated communication such as online forums and chat rooms can help create a more fulfilling social life. For example, someone who fails at personal relationships because he speaks before thinking about the consequences has more control with Internet communication. He can read back his statements before posting, which will likely reduce the number of awkward moments the person creates. Communication technology offers other benefits, as well. geological dating websites, for instance, can relieve some of the frustration involved with dating by allowing you to view the profiles of potential dates so you can determ ine who is the best match for you. This can save you both time and heartbreak.ConsiderationsWhile information technology solutions can contribute to the success of your organization, there are a number of unique be to consider. In addition to the cost of implementing an IT solution, you must employ highly educated and specialized workers to represent, monitor, expand and stamping ground your IT infrastructure.Question 4 The role of hospital has changed from medical assistance to wellness care. What are the important information systems required to be considered while implementing front-end application development for hospital management?HOSPITAL INFORMATION system (HIS)A hospital information system (HIS) is essentially a computer system that can manage all the information to allow health care providers to do their jobs effectively. These systems have been around since they were first introduced in the 1960s and have evolved with time and the modernization of healthcare faciliti es. The computers were not as fast in those days and they were not able to provide information in real time as they do today. The staff used them primarily for managing billing and hospital inventory. All this has changed now, and today hospital information systems include the integration of all clinical, financial and administrative applications.Modern HIS includes many applications addressing the needs of various departments in a hospital. They manage the data related to the clinic, finance department, research science research lab, nursing, pharmacy and also the radiology and pathology departments. The hospitals that have switched to HIS have access to quick and reliable information including affected roles records illustrating details about their demographics, gender, age etc. By a simple confab of the mouse they receive important data pertaining to hospital finance systems, diet of patients, and even the distribution of medicaments. With this information they can monitor do drugs usage in the facility and improve its effectiveness. Many hospitals have as many as 200 disparate systems combined into their HIS.Hospital information systems have become very advanced and new innovations are continuously being introduced. But a HIS is useless if it confuses the hospital employees. The system must be user friendly and should include training by the vendors. A good HIS offers numerous benefits to a hospital including but not limited to the delivery of quality patient care and better financial management. The HIS should also be patient centric, medical staff centric, affordable and scalable. The technology changes quickly and if the system is not flexible it will not be able to accommodate hospital growth. regionSIt can be composed of one or a few software components with specialty-specific extensions as well as of a large variety of sub-systems in medical specialties* Laboratory Information System (LIS)* Radiology Information System (RIS)* Clinical Informa tion System (CIS)* Nursing Information Systems (NIS)* pharmacy Information System (PIS)SOFTWARE COMPONENTSoftware Component is a system element offering a predefined service or event, and able to communicate with other components. It should be * Multiple-use* Non-context-specific* Compostable with other components (inter relationship with other components)* Encapsulated i.e., non-investigable through its interfaces* A unit of self-reliant deployment and versioningLaboratory Information System (LIS)Laboratory Information System (LIS) is a software based laboratory and information management system that offers a set of cite features that support a modern laboratorys operations. Those key features include but are not limited to workflow and data tracking support, flexible architecture, and smart data exchange interfaces, which fully support its use in regulated environments. The features and uses of a LIMS have evolved over the years from simple sample tracking to an enterprise reso urce planning tool that manages multiple aspects of laboratory informatics. Due to the rapid pace at which laboratories and their data management needs shift, the definition of LIMS has become clean controversial. As the needs of the modern laboratory vary widely from lab to lab, what is needed from a laboratory information management system also shifts. The end result the definition of a LIMS will shift based on who you ask and what their vision of the modern lab.Radiology Information System (RIS)A radiology information system (RIS) is a networked software suite for managing medical imagery and associated data. An RIS is especially useful for managing radiological records and associated data in a multiple locations and is often used in conjunction with a register archiving and communication system (PACS) to manage work flow and billing. An RIS has several basic functionsPatient management* An RIS can track a patients entire workflow within the radiology department images and repo rts can be added to and retrieved from electronic medical records (EMRs) and viewed by authorized radiology staff.Scheduling* Appointments can be made for both in- and out-patients with specific radiology staff.Patient tracking* A patients entire radiology history can be tracked from admission to discharge. The history can be coordinated with past, acquaint and future appointments.Results reporting* An RIS can generate statistical reports for a single patient, group of patients or particular procedure.Film tracking* An RIS can track individual films and their associate data.Billing* An RIS facilitates detailed financial record-keeping, electronic payments and automated claims submission.Clinical Information System (CIS)Clinical Information System is a collection of various information technology applications that provides a centralized repository of information related to patient care crossways distributed locations. This repository represents the patients history of illnesses and interactions with providers by encoding knowledge capable of helping clinicians decide about the patients condition, manipulation options, and wellness activities. The repository also encodes the status of decisions, actions underway for those decisions, and relevant information that can help in performing those actions. The database could also hold other information about the patient, including genetic, environmental, and social contexts.Features * access the medical literary productions * ask clinical or administrative questions of aggregates of patient data, * receive automatic warnings or suggestions when the patients data replete certain logical rules * receive critiques when proposing therapies or ordering diagnostic tests, * access guidelines for standards of care* analyse trade-offs and the likeliness of alternative outcomes (decision analysis) * receive lists of differential diagnosesNursing Information System (NIS)Nursing information systems is a eccentric of health care management system. It helps nurses use their nursing skills and computer knowledge within a health care environment. A nursing information system has different features and benefits.FeaturesNurses can self-schedule work hours based on their work shift and departmental needs. Staff nurse managers or nursing administrators can review each nurses schedule and make approvals. Another nursing information system feature includes documenting patient care plans.Benefits angiotensin converting enzyme nursing information system benefit includes saving time. For instance, nursing managers can confirm a nurses work availability without contacting each nurse. Nurses can review a patients treatment plan when working outside the office, such as a home care nurse.Pharmacy Information System (PIS)Pharmacy information systems (PIS) are complex computer systems that have been designed to meet the needs of a pharmacy department. Through the use of such systems, pharmacists can supervise and have i nputs on how medication is used in a hospital. Some of the activities which Pharmacy Information Systems have been employed in pharmacy departments includeClinical ScreeningThe Pharmacy Information System can assist in patient care by the monitoring of drug interactions, drug allergies and other possible medication-related complications. When a prescription order is entered, the system can check to see if there are any interactions between two or more drugs taken by the patient simultaneously or with any typical food, any known allergies to the drug, and if the appropriate dosage has been given based on the patients age, weight and other physiologic factors. Alerts and flags come up when the system picks up any of these.Prescription ManagementThe Pharmacy Information System can also be used to manage prescription for inpatients and/or outpatients. When prescription orders are received, the orders are matched to available pharmaceutical products and then mete out accordingly dependi ng on whether the patient is an inpatient or outpatient. It is possible to track all prescriptions passed through the system from who prescribed the drug, when it was prescribed to when it was dispensed. It is also possible to print out prescription labels and instructions on how medication should be taken based on the prescription.Inventory ManagementPharmacies require a continuous inventory culture in order to ensure that drugs do not go out of stock. This is made even more difficult when there are multiple dispensing points. When don manually it is very difficult to maintain an accurate inventory. Pharmacy Information Systems aid inventory management by maintaining an internal inventory of all pharmaceutical products, providing alerts when the quantity of an item is below a set quantity and providing an electronic ordering system that recommends the ordering of the affected item and with the appropriate quantity from approved suppliers.Patient Drug ProfilesThese are patient profi les managed by the Pharmacy Information System and contain details of their current and past medications, known allergies and physiological parameters. These profiles are used for used for clinical screening anytime a prescription is ordered for the patient.Report timesMost Pharmacy Information Systems can generate reports which range from determining medication usage patterns in the hospital to the cost of drugs purchased and /or dispensed.Interactivity with other systemsIt is important that Pharmacy Information Systems should be able to interact with other available systems such as the clinical information systems to receive prescription orders and financial information system for billing and charging.