Proactive: Following and Language Essay

Answer the following questions to help you reflect on whether or not you use a more proactive or reactive language. Save document as 4.9 Proactive vs. Reactive and submit via the assignment link provided. This assignment counts 100 points. 1. I think my language is mostly: (proactive or reactive?) I think my language is mostly proactive. I try to look at life with an â€Å"I can do† attitude. 2. Some phrases I use a lot that is proactive is: â€Å"I choose†, â€Å"I will†, â€Å"Let’s look at what we can do†. 3. Some phrases I use a lot that is reactive is: â€Å"I don’t have the time†, â€Å"They make me so mad†, â€Å"I don’t understand†. 4. I can replace my reactive phrases with the following proactive phrases: â€Å"I can try to understand†,† I would prefer this instead of that†, â€Å"I choose† 5. Someone in my life who is a really good example of how to use proactive language is: My parents are really good examples of how to use proactive language. They often encourage me and have a positive attitude towards life. 6. The places or situations in my life where I tend to use proactive language are: I tend to use proactive language when I feel like I am in control. Especially in situations like when I am trying to find a solution to a problem or when I am trying to improve on something. 7. The places or situations in my life where I tend to use reactive language are: I am most likely to use reactive language when I don’t want to take responsibility for something or when I feel like I am the victim of a situation. When I am having a bad day or want to get out of doing something I use reactive language.

The Battle of Stalingrad

The Battle of Stalingrad was fought from August 23, 1942 to February 2, 1943. Hitler’s attempt to capture the city ended when the Soviets trapped the 300 000-German 6th army under General Friedrich Paulus. The destruction of the mighty 6th army gave the Soviets a psychological lift and military initiative.For the Germans, the battle signaled the end of the Russian conquest; that is, from a war of conquest to a war of survival. Background On August 1938, Hitler shocked the world by signing a non-aggression pact with his most hated enemy, the Soviet Union.Both powers agreed not to attack each other for a period of 10 years. A secret protocol called for a division of Eastern Europe between the two powers. Confident that the Soviets would not intervene with his military plans, Hitler proceeded to attack Poland. On September 1, 1939, German armored formation, supported by the Luftwaffe, smashed into the Polish borders, trapping thousands of Polish soldiers before they could organiz e a general retreat into Eastern Poland. Two days later, Britain and France declared war on Germany. Two weeks later, Soviet forces occupied Eastern Poland, as part of the Nazi-Soviet Pact.Poland was obliterated from the map of Europe. Hitler now turned his attention to the West. After eight months of interregnum, German forces aided by the powerful Luftwaffe, struck at France, Belgium, Norway, Denmark, and the Netherlands. The British were trapped at Dunkerque. French forces were defeated in a matter of four weeks. With France defeated, Hitler now turned his attention to his hated ally, the Soviet Union. On June 22, 1941, three German army groups, numbering about 3. 1 million men struck at the Soviet Union. The Soviets were caught by surprise.On the first day alone, 1 million Soviets were either killed, capture, or injured; 1400 aircraft were destroyed, 500 guns were either destroyed or captured. After three days, the Soviets lost almost 80% of their armored formations in the East. Four Panzer armies drove towards Moscow. The arrival of the so-called ‘Siberian units’ (numbering about 1 million men) and the harshness of the 1941 winter finally drove the Germans from the outskirts of Moscow. Both sides rested. Hitler, however, planned another campaign in the Southern sector of the front. Operation BlueOn May 1942, German forces smashed across the Southern sector of the Eastern Front. Again, Soviet forces were caught by surprise. The Germans drove into the river Don, and prepared a massive assault on the river Volga (where Stalingrad was located). Two German panzer armies took the Caucasus on the following month. The 2nd and 4th Romanian armies as well as the 8th Italian army aided the German Sixth army in the crossing of the river Volga. By the 1st of August, additional armor was transferred to the 6th Army for the final capture of the city of Stalingrad.Marshal Georgy Zhukov anticipated this and ordered Soviet forces to encircle the 6th Army. Sett ing the Stage for the Battle In the Southern sector of the front, Hitler possessed superior forces. German forces numbered about 1. 7 million men, or about 76 divisions. Operation Blue called for the use of 3 panzer armies; two of which would drove into the Caucasus. One panzer army would drive straight into Stalingrad (refer to map1). On the eve of Blue, Germany still retained the element of surprise. For the Soviets, the defense of Stalingrad and other key cities around the Volga rested on the newly formed Soviet army reserves.Much of the Don steppes (refer to map2) were ideal for armored maneuvers. Field Marshal Fedor von Bock once argued to Hitler that the best way to destroy the Soviet army is to launch a massive attack around the river Volga. Hitler, however, insisted that the main thrust of the attack should be around the Caucasus Mountains. Much of the strength of the Soviet army laid on its newly formed armored formations and the reserve armies, and of course, the channels of defenses around key cities in the Volga region (refer to map 3). Stalin allocated only about 20% of the whole Soviet forces to the Southern sector, expecting an attack around Moscow.At the start of Blue, 10 Soviet armies were hastily sent to the South to counter the 3 panzer armies and the 7 German infantry and satellite armies. It can be argued that whilst the Soviet held the upper hand in the northern and central sector of the front, in the south, the German initially outnumbered the Soviets by almost 3:1. At the start of the battle of Stalingrad, all Soviet reserves were thrown into Stalingrad in a bid to encircle the German 6th army. When the German 6th Army entered the city on August 23, about 5 Soviet tank armies were massing around the river Volga.Only the 4th Panzer Army was in proximity to support the 6th Army in case of a major Soviet offensive. Most of the armor were allocated to the army group in the Caucasus region. The Battle The first phase of the battle of Staling rad involved the direct assault of the German 6th Army and the German 4th Panzer Army to 8 Soviet armies of the Stalingrad front (refer to map4). Fighting in the Don steppes reached its height on the end of July when 2 Soviet tank armies tried to outmaneuver both the 6th Army and the 4th Panzer army. It would take 4 weeks before the German army could liquidate the 2 tank armies.The Soviet army retreated into the interior of the Volga region in preparation of a massive German attack on the Stalingrad. Stalin now reorganized the Stalingrad front. Two infantry armies were reassigned as tank armies. The second phase of the German drive into Stalingrad involved the crossing of the river Volga. The Romanian and Hungarians armies provided the flanks of the 6th Army. The 4th Panzer Army provided the spearhead of the attack. Some armored formations were reallocated to the 6th Army from von Kleist’s 1st Panzer Army. The Soviets retreated to the outskirts of Stalingrad.Consequently, Sta lin ordered the Soviet armies to hold the 6th Army in Stalingrad. He allowed no further withdrawal of the Soviet forces. Between the Don and the Volga, a huge salient was formed occupied by the 62nd and 64th Soviet armies. On August 29, 4th Panzer Army smashed into the southern junction of the 64th Army and headed towards Stalingrad. The 6th Army drove into the northern junction of the 62nd Army (refer to map5). The pressure made by the Soviet 4th Tank Army in the north slowed the progress of the 6th Army, enabling the two Soviet armies to escape encirclement (refer to map6).The third phase of the battle involved a major German assault on the southern sector of the city. The Luftwaffe dropped thousands of bombs in the city. Paulus ordered the 6th Army to make a frontal assault of the city (which was now surrounded on three sides). German artillery pounded on the Soviet defenses on the Volga. Meanwhile, Soviet reserves continued to pour on the Stalingrad front allowing Zhukov to moun t local counterattacks against the 6th Army. As the fight for the city intensified, Stalin reorganized the Soviet fronts, creating the Southwest and Don fronts.Zhukov’s plan for a major counterattack was simple yet ambitious. Three Soviet armies from the Southwest and Don fronts would drive towards the left flank of the German 6th Army. Two Soviet armies from the Stalingrad front would drive towards the junction of the 6th Army and the 4th Panzer Army (refer to map7). This strategy was designed to trap the 6th Army in Stalingrad. On October 1942, storm was unleashed on the Romanian and Hungarian armies (which served as flanks of the 6th Army). They were easily destroyed. The Soviets pounded the city into rubble.Although Hitler promised to airlift supplies to the 6th Army, only 100 tons reached daily, far from the 400 tons daily supplies promised by Hitler. From December 1942 to January 1943, the Soviets reduced the Stalingrad pocket by 50%. Hitler’s insistence for the 6th Army to hold out added to its own destruction. Paulus never ordered a major break out of the 6th Army. On February 1943, the headquarters of Paulus was captured by the Soviets. Paulus surrendered to the Soviets on the day of his promotion as field marshal. Weapons/Advantages/AlliancesMost of the German armor used in Blue and the battle of Stalingrad were Mark III and Mark IV, equipped with 50 and 80 mm. guns. Armor ranged from 80 to 100 mm. The famous 88 mm gun was used both as anti-tank and anti-aircraft gun (it was the only anti-tank gun that could destroy the mighty T-34). German airpower relied on two famous aircrafts: the bomber Junker and the Messerschmitt Bf109 (a powerful fighter). German soldiers were highly trained, far from their Soviet counterparts (also in comparison with Germany’s allies: Romania, Hungary, Bulgaria, and Italy).The Soviet tank armies relied on two powerful tanks: the T-34 (with its 75 mm gun) and the KV100 (a heavy tank). The T-34 tank was su ited on all types of weather and could reach a speed of about 70 miles an hour. The Soviets also employed the IL28, a powerful fighter that could in some cases outfought the mighty Bf 109. The advantages of the Germans were as follows: 1) the efficiency and effectiveness of the German General Staff in operational and strategic planning, 2) the level of training of individual German soldiers, 3) the close coordination of German mechanized units and the air force, and 4) flexibility in command structure.The advantages of the Soviets were as follows: 1) the large size of the Soviet reserve armies, 2) its powerful tank designs (T-34), 3) determination, almost fanatical, of the Soviet armies in defending key cities, and 4) high production of armaments. Situation Report The defeat of the German 6th Army at Stalingrad signaled the end of Hitler’s war of conquest in the East. It initially destroyed the capability of the German to launch another massive operation (except at Kursk). In essence, the defeat gave the Soviets a psychological lift; that is, it was possible for the German army to be defeated.The strategic victory of the Soviets at Stalingrad allowed Stalin to press for a major Allied counterstrike at North Africa. German pressure in the East was partially relieved. Hitler was now faced a war on two fronts, which he initially prevented by signing the non-aggression pact with Stalin. On the area of operations, much of the German activities after the battle of Stalingrad focused on minor offensive posture, in contrast to the Soviets which could mount major operations (Bagration for example).In any case, the battle of Stalingrad shifted the favor of war to the Allies, as did in the battle of El Alamein in North Africa. Bibliography Battle of Stalingrad. BBC. PolyGram Video International, 1994. Beevor, Antony. Stalingrad: The Fateful Siege 1942-1943. New York: Viking, 1998. Irving, David. Hitler’s War and the War Path. London: Parforce, 2002. Seaton, Albert. The Russo-German War, 1941-1945. New York: Praeger, 1971. Toynbee, Arnold. A History of the World. London: London Publishing House, 1964. Wells, Herbert. The Outline of History. London: Garden City Books, 1956.

The Performance Management System Of Colbran Medical Institute Essay - 1

The Performance Management System Of Colbran Medical Institute - Essay Example They tend to contribute towards their organization staunchly and scrupulously only when they are motivated, and their contributions are valued and appreciated by their organization. Valuing one's contribution and supporting their initiatives is possible only when an organization realizes its employees’ contribution in a way it should be realized. This is possible with the proper implementation of an objective performance management system. Using objective measures of performance evaluation makes employees clear that organization follows procedural justice and rewards them according to their contribution. The end result of objective performance evaluation is motivation, commitment, encouragement, job satisfaction, and greater employee retention that contribute towards organization’s profitability in the long run. Moreover, with objective performance appraisal followed by good reward administration makes employees loyal and more committed towards their respective organiza tions. Thus, we can say that objective performance evaluation followed by performance appraisal accompanied by proper reward administration makes employees motivated and committed towards the organization. This paper focuses on the performance management system that will be suggested for Colbran medical institute in pursuit of removing its flaws in its current performance appraisal. Why organizations need performance management system is an important question. Most of the researchers argued that for unbiased performance evaluation, implementation of performance appraisal system is compulsory because it works by taking into account key performance indicators (KPI) and key performance results (KPR). When organizations communicate their employees the performance standards and key performance indicators clearly, that helps businesses in achieving competitive advantage because employees with a clear goal of what is expected of them.

Final papeer Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Final papeer - Research Paper Example Tehran’s IAEA agreement refers to an agency formed to regulate nuclear and atomic energy. Basically, any country that is a member of the IAEA is expected to act within its mandate. In the event that it acts outside its mandate, then necessary action will be taken. In contrast to this view, there are some people who claim that the world may be heading to a more peaceful state. In as much as the International Atomic Energy Agency categorized Iran as harboring nuclear weapons, they did not clearly state whether the weapons were for peaceful purposes or not. After IAEA investigated the issue of the nuclear weapons in Iran and founding Iran uncooperative, resolving the situation became a diplomatic matter. This research paper will hence address the issue with the aim of supporting the thesis that Iran’s nuclear development may or may not be for peaceful purposes. The paper will hence look at how the nuclear development may not be for peaceful purpose, how Iran is associated to be a terrorist state, and its Islamic region tension to the west. However, it will also look critically into the matter and also prove how Iran’s nuclear development would not be used for war purpose. First, in as much as Iran announced that its nuclear development was purely for peaceful purpose, IAEA questioned their increased interest in nuclear. Even after making investigations and ordering Iran to suspend their Uranium program, plus any projects which had relation to the nuclear programmer, Iran still did not comply. Its inability to comply with what it has been asked brought Western interest, who believed dominated the council to the extent of manipulating it. After investigations, Iran was discovered to harbor nuclear stations which had been buried underground, denoting their purpose that it was not meant for peaceful purpose. In addition, Iran refuted any claims of preparing for war. Nevertheless, as tension heightened in the countries belonging to

Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Assignment - Essay Example Today they give much emphasis on infrastructural changes which can reduce the impacts of those unforeseen contingencies. Many of the ultra modern inventions add to the ongoing environmental issues this way or that. This paper will critically analyse the problems associated with developmental activities and possible remedies that civil engineers can adopt in order for meeting those challenges. Challenges for civil engineers The supersonic growth of modern world necessitates various types of productive activities which would ultimately cause environmental issues. It is not possible to stop constructional activities in order to safeguard the environment. Hence, the civil engineers face extreme challenges with regard to developing protective infrastructure models. In contrast, the rampant growth of construction industry weakens the effectiveness of infrastructural developments. The following parts would introduce some of the recent environmental issues and possible solutions to address t hem. A. Global warming Global warming refers to the phenomenon of increase in the average temperature of earth’s atmosphere, which will result in the increase in volume of water and a consequent rise in the sea-level. The earth absorbs most of the thermal radiations like infrared radiation from the sun and reflects back the remaining part to the atmosphere. These reflected heats are trapped by the greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide, water vapor, methane and ozone; and this process causes the rise in atmospheric temperature. This green house effect due to the existence of green houses gases is the main cause of global warming. Majority scientists are of the opinion that human activities amplify the emission of greenhouse gases and hence global warming. For instance, when refrigerator functions, it releases a harmful compound called chlorofluorocarbon which causes the depletion of ozone layer and contributes to global warming. Similarly, most of the production and constructio n processes emit toxic gases that also deepen the problem. Although there are number of green house gases in the atmosphere, among them carbon dioxide, which is mainly produced as a result of increase in fossil fuel burning vehicles plays major role. The warmer air boosts the water evaporation which produces excessive water vapour in the atmosphere and subsequently the same cycle process repeats. The climate change is the most disastrous outcome of global warming and related environmental difficulties including diminution in agricultural yields. It is too practicable to cut the use of refrigerator or vehicles in order to minimise the CO2 emission; the only way is to develop improved technology which would impede the problem in future. The invention of non fossil fuels such as solar energy and nuclear energy may help to answer the issue of global warming because they normally do not cause carbon emission. Civil engineers can do a lot in addressing the impacts of global warming which in turn will minimise the climate changes. As suggested in Minority report on global warming and the role of civil engineering, engineers should try to develop infrastructural frame works with the minimum usage of ‘concrete foundations, kiln-fired brick and concrete walling blocks, steel or concrete frames, ground-bearing floor slabs, glass, aluminium and steel profile sheeting’

Objective To construct a small commercial database and demonstrate its Essay

Objective To construct a small commercial database and demonstrate its functionality - Essay Example The website design primarily focuses on younger customers, and contains some good examples of e-commerce best practice, such as, decent navigation and filtering options, well sorted product reviews, and site search (Charlton, 2009). Founded in 1884 by Michael Marks and Thomas Spencer, Marks and Spencer is a major British retailer of clothing, footwear, gifts, home furnishing, and luxury food products. The company’s main headquarter is in the City of Westminster, and has a wide network of stores with 703 in the United Kingdom, and 361 in more than 40 countries across the globe. The group also owns the clothing retailer Brooks Brothers and the King Super Markets chain in the United States of America (Wikipedia, 2012). This attribute will contain the answer to the secret question of the customer. The system uses this attribute to verify the customer in case if the customer forgets the password, and wishes to know the password; if the customer is verified positively, then the system sends an email containing the password to the customer’s email

Negative effect of video games on children Essay

Negative effect of video games on children - Essay Example This proposal argues that while video gaming offers an enjoyable level of entertainment, the negative effects ultimately outweigh the positive benefits and should be altered through increased regulations and parental limitations. One of the primary problems with video gaming systems is their ability to completely consume the individual. While the intentions of the systems are such that they are purposely addictive, this becomes a large problem when one considers this addiction oftentimes begins to function as a sort of drug like control mechanism. Multiple studies have shown that individuals engrossed in video gaming have not only become linked to the in-game experience, but have also allowed it to dictate other aspects of their lives (Anderson 2005). Consider a scenario when an individual purchases a video game and becomes engrossed in the narrative. Not only does the individual become entrenched in these aspects of the game during their playing time, but it has been shown that the game has such a powerful hold that they will rush through work or daily activities as a means of returning to the gaming world. In effect, the game has overtaken the individual’s life and has crippled their ability to function in a normal and productive way. Another negative aspect of video gaming is the potential for video games to cause increased levels of violence among children. From this perspective one need only consider the nature of video games to view the potential for such violence. In many regards the appeal video gaming holds is the ability to experience forbidden realities; for these reasons many video games involve committing crimes, murder, and death (Silva). With the addictive nature of the gaming system it is no large jump to assume that these elements can influence the gamers cognitive structure. In response to these negative effects this essay proposes two major changes. The first change is a call for increased parental regulation on children’s video gaming habits. As children are the primary consumers of video games it’s necessary for parents to step-in and ensure that their children’s gaming habits are not destructive to their overall production and scholastic progress. The second element proposed is that tighter restrictions be placed on the nature of video games. As Munger indicates in Fig. 1 video gaming has demonstrated increased violence levels in adolescents. While the movie industry has faced increasing regulations in terms of ratings, with adolescents only being admitted to certain movies based on age, in-large part the video gaming industry has gone unchecked. What is restricted for children under 17 to view in movies is readily available for them to interact with in video games. With tighter regulations on these aspects, children will have less access to these negative elements and this will in-turn reduce the potential for violence or crime resulting through increased video game play. In order to achi eve this, small steps need to be taken, beginning with individual parents petitioning government representatives to take action. While these proposals are believed to be strong in that they will reduce the negative effects of video games, there are objections that exist in response to their core contentions. In terms of increased parental

How would Frederickson recalculates the definition of 'self-evident Essay

How would Frederickson recalculates the definition of 'self-evident truths' - Essay Example Based on his research, he recalculates self-evident truths in race topics based on the four models of ethnic relations: hierarchy, assimilation, pluralism, and separatism and found out that among the models cultural pluralism is the appropriate one. Hierarchy Thomas Jefferson believes that it is a self-evident truth that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable rights. This is an opposition to Fredrickson’s reinvented definition of these self-evident rights. Historical findings postulated that even during the period of Renaissance and Reformation, Europeans already distinguished human race into superior and inferior classifications (Fredrickson, White Supremacy 8). Even Aristotle himself explained that certain groups of people are bound to be â€Å"natural slaves† as in the conquest of the Spaniards to Indian territories (Fredrickson, White Supremacy 9). Aside from Indians, Asians were also viewed as unfit to be part of the civilized society of the U.S. wherein there is a grant of equal rights and protection (Fredrickson, The Black Image 634). ... However, that is not the case in many instances when a dictator became an icon for annihilation and wiped away thousands of people because of radical ideologies. That happened during the Nazis when Jews were wiped out at the time of Adolf Hitler. Therefore, Fredrickson viewed self-evident truths based on real scenarios, wherein there is hierarchical structure: a classification of powerful and weak races. Assimilation Assimilation of the minority group to the dominant group was a characteristic of Fredrickson’s racial concepts. This concept enables the alteration of the minority’s culture to that of the majority. In essence, it is called â€Å"cultural genocide† because it aims to influence or eradicate Native Americans’ way of life (Fredrickson, The Black Image 636) while completely abandoning their own that is observed by the dominant culture as barbaric and uncivilized. Jefferson believes that people have unalienable rights: the right to life, liberty, h appiness, among other things. Yet, in Fredrickson’s views, certain submissive races are bound to assimilate with the majority, simply because they are weak and have no territorial power over a country such as the United States. Liberty is hard to achieve, evident during the period of slavery, up until the discrimination towards African-Americans in modern times. In the history of the African-American civilization, slavery as a form of gradual assimilation, proves to be oppressive and futile because it took from them their own race and ideology. Establishment of Black community was one way of establishing a â€Å"singularity of national formation† (Glaude 79). Pluralism Cultural pluralism means that a culture has its own distinct identity, and that allowing it to exist with other cultures is

Promoting a Healthy Workplace Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Promoting a Healthy Workplace - Assignment Example They will help be important when accounting for the misbehavior of the co-worker (Lewis, 2006). 3. Substance abuse is a concern among health professionals as it can lead to miss-treatment of the patients. In case a co-worker is involved, it is important to 1st warn and try to help them out. But in case they are addicted or persistent, report the matter immediately to the manager for appropriate action to be undertaken against them. The most common physical injury experienced by LPNs and nursing assistants is needle stick injuries. 4. Sexual harassment maybe in two ways. One is a nurse demanding sexual favors from patients or a manager or nurse demanding sexual favors from a colleague. These favors include inappropriate touching of private body parts, deliberate exposure of private body parts, or even a forceful sexual intercourse. These is handled by first warning the culprit and later report them to higher authority in case they persist. 5. Both healthcare facilities acknowledge the essence of patient safety and nurses’ safety during and after an infant is born. Special interest has been laid on procedures such as safe patient handling and staying safe from latex allergies (injuries from allergic reaction to latex substances) and needle stick injuries (from accidental piercing of the body caused by needles). Being competence acclaimed facilities, this emphasis on safety is a pointer that workplace safety should always be set as a priority for efficiency. 6. A nurse found impaired by either illness or alcohol/drug dependency is held culpable of ability to cause injuries to patients. Such an individual is subjected to court proceedings and later on counselling upon which, in case they fail to change, their license may be revoked. Most nurses interviewed are aware of these rules and strive to stay away from action that may impair their ability to acts soberly while administering treatment. 7. ANA

The Journey of Olaudah Equiano Essay Example for Free

The Journey of Olaudah Equiano Essay He wrote his narrative in order to teach his readers about the horrors and atrocities that took place every day to people just like him in the hopes that he could advance the movement against the slave trade. In order to do this, Equiano focused not only on the physical journey he took, but the spiritual journey as well. His expedition, from Africa to enslavement to freedom, closely corresponds to his spiritual journey, from ignorance to conversion to religious completion. This allowed his readers to understand his struggles in a way that was more familiar to them, which tied a closer bond between the reader and the author. Since his readers could relate to the two separate but intertwined journeys, Equiano could now enlighten his readers on the revulsion of the slave trade just as he was enlightened through Christianity. Colonial North America was a brand new world, where the opportunities for wealth were plentiful, ever-present, and over-powering and the slave trade was a direct result of man’s greedy drive for wealth. It took over one hundred years for slavery to be abolished, but Equiano’s journey, both physical and spiritual, presented to the world the true dreadfulness behind the slave trade, a paramount mistake on mankind. Equiano opens his narrative with a description of his native African culture, including the customs of clothing, family, food, war, and religious practices. Equiano describes Africans as â€Å"rude and uncultivated† (43) and that all are â€Å"ignorant of their language, religion, manners and customs. (44) His time in Africa ties into his religious ignorance as he suggests that Africans could be the indirect relatives of Christian Europeans. Although this could be considered accurate from today’s standpoints, in the colonial era, this would be taken as an ignorant, blasphemous statement. The African customs and traditions were foreign to most of the world during this time and Equiano presents his former customs, particularly his pagan religious practice s, as not necessarily a result of sin, but rather a result of ignorance. Although Equiano acknowledges the coarse rituals of the African continent, he also notes the unfairness of this situation. â€Å"Are any pains taken to teach them these? Are they treated as men? †¦ Did nature make them inferior to their sons? † (45) While Equiano concedes the savageness of the African people, he still argues that slavery is as an affront to humanity, â€Å"Does not slavery itself depress the mind, and extinguish all its fire† (45) Here, slavery is simply shown as an imbalanced product of European greed and the opportunity of wealth the New World provided. Next, Equiano describes his grim voyage through the Middle Passage and his eventual enslavement on a merchant ship for a British captain. After the ship’s arrival in England, Equiano is exposed to Christianity for the first time, â€Å"a great man in the heavens, called God: but here again I was to all intents and purposes at a loss to understand him. † (67) As Equiano becomes more assimilated to European culture, he develops a deeper understanding of Christianity and is eventually educated and baptized. Equiano’s entire enslavement is closely connected to his religious developments; as more time progresses as a slave he becomes a more erudite follower of Christianity. His religious conversion reaches its precipice when Captain Pascal betrays him and turns him over to be enslaved in the West Indies. â€Å"with contrition of heart, acknowledged my transgression to God, and poured out my soul before him with unfeigned repentance. † (95) In that instant, Equiano gave his life to God and became as Christian as any of his readers. Consequently, it is at this moment his life begins to turn around as he is sold to a kindly Quaker merchant who gives him the opportunity to make his own money in order to purchase his freedom. Equiano’s enslavement is filled with hardships and poor treatment, but is emphasized by his religious transformation. He shows his readers that even as an educated Christian, his life as a slave is meager and dangerous and he questions how Christians could treat others so grotesquely, â€Å"How he, as a Christian, could answer for the horrid act before God? (104) Once again, Equiano shows there are no boundaries that man, when blinded by greed, will not cross. After some time, Equiano acquires enough money to purchase his freedom and completes his long excursion to becoming free. Just as his physical journey becomes complete, his spiritual journey reaches an endpoint. Equiano now bases his life around God and â€Å"Now the Bible was my only companion and comfort. † (191) When hi s ship picks up some men stranded at sea, Equiano takes the most impactful step in Christianity as he starts to spread the word of God. and took great delight in him, and used much supplication to God for his conversion. † (203) Equiano links his freedom from slavery to his religious completion in order to help his readers fully grasp his journeys completion. Both are immense accomplishments, but the reader can more adeptly understand the end to a spiritual journey rather than the journey from a slave to freedman. Although Equiano is no longer a slave, he hopes his story enlightens readers of the terrors of the slave trade, just as Christianity had enlightened him to leading a life for God. Olaudah Equiano’s slave narrative was one of the first published works of a firsthand account of the American slave trade. Equiano introduced the world to how slaves, such as himself, were treated on a daily basis. However, what makes his narrative so effective is the way he connects his physical and spiritual journeys together. Anyone who was to read his narrative would have a hard time relating to his physical struggles beyond his descriptions, so he effectively connects them with his spiritual voyage and struggles. This allows the reader to connect to Equiano in a more relatable way and helps strengthen his case against the slave trade. Today, we can use his narrative to find out about what colonial North America was like during this time. The New World was, simply enough, a vast farmland with an unlimited crop yield and in order to harvest these crops, sufficient labor was needed. The quest for wealth helped formulate the slave trade, but man’s greed turned it into a business. Colonial North America was a time full of growth and opportunities, all tried to take advantage as much as possible. Equiano was one of the luckier slaves and his life fits into the popular American success story of patience, hard-work, and endurance as important qualities. Equiano was enlightened through Christianity and he hoped the story he shared would enlighten the world about affront to humanity that slavery was. Over two hundred years later, we are still reading his narrative.

Non-standard English: Usage and attitudes

Non-standard English: Usage and attitudes Introduction Spoken language is a powerful method of communication that conveys more than intended referential information. Depending on the listeners attitude, a speakers accent or dialect may imply a number of characteristics such as social class and professionalism. Examples of non-standard linguistic features are discussed under Task 1; followed by summaries of two studies under Task 2, which focus on attitudes towards West Indian Patois (Edwards, 1986) and the Cockney accent (Giles Sassoon, 1982). Task 1 Thats the girl he gave the bracelet to. This sentence contains a grammatical, non-standard linguistic feature because it ends with the preposition to. In Standard English, a preposition usually proceeds a noun, hence the sentence should read: Thats the girl to whom he gave the bracelet. However, there are cases where sentences sound unnatural if they are arranged in a way that avoids a final proposition. This is usually seen in conversational English, for example: in relative clauses and questions which feature phrasal verbs, passive constructions, and short sentences which feature an infinitive or verbal noun. Nonetheless, in formal writing, it is considered better practice to avoid placing a preposition at the end of a sentence where it may seem stranded. (Preposition, 2008) Buffy the vampire slayer is dead cool. This sentence contains a lexical, non-standard linguistic feature because dead functions as an adverb of degree, such as very; the sentence should read, Buffy the vampire slayer is very cool, or of a similar effect. Dead typically functions as an adjective, meaning no longer alive, and is used in contexts such as a dead bodyor a dead issue. It has therefore undergone semantic change, and its meaning has been broadened. (Dead, 2017) My old man gave me a set of wheels for my birthday. This sentence contains lexical, non-standard linguistic features because slang is used. My old man is a colloquial, informal noun phrase meaning ones father or a womans husband or boyfriend; set of wheels is also a colloquial, informal noun phrase meaning a motor vehicle, as opposed to a literal set of wheels. According to Standard English, the sentence should read: My father gave me a motor vehicle for my birthday. The phrases have thus undergone semantic change. (Old man, 2017) The guy that works in the bar is really nice. This sentence contains a lexical, non-standard linguistic feature due to the use of the informal noun, guy, meaning man (Guy, 2017). There is also a grammatical, nonstandard linguistic feature because, in Standard English, that should not be used as a relative pronoun when the antecedent is personal. A human antecedent is typically proceeded by who in a defining clause. An inanimate antecedent or a human but representative of a class is followed by that; for example, the chair that collapsed / the baby that laughed. In Standard English, the sentence should therefore read: The man who works in the bar is really nice. (That, 1998) Who did you see? This sentence contains a grammatical, non-standard linguistic feature because who is used in place of whom. In Standard English, who is a relative pronoun or an interrogative when it refers to the subject (who is there?). Whom is the objective form, hence the sentence should read: Whom did you see? However, the use of whom is declining and is often replaced by who in modern usage. (Who and whom, 2017) Task 2 A study of West Indian Patois, conducted by Viv Edwards (1986) A study of 45 British-born black adolescents in a West Midlands community (Edwards 1997: 409) reveals the attitudes of teachers and pupils towards West Indian Patois. Attitudes to Patois in the educational world are generally negative. The Association of Teachers of English to Pupils from Overseas (ATEPO 1970) describe West Indian language as babyish and lacking proper grammar (Edwards 1986: 25); the National Association of School Masters (1969) refer to West Indian language as a plantation English which is socially unacceptable and inadequate for communication (Edwards 1986: 25). These negative attitudes reflect some of the findings of Edwards (1986) West Midlands study. Conducted in Dudley, the study consisted of a judgement sample and comprised of 3 measures which were applied to the speech of 21 women and 24 men, aged between 16 and 23: frequency of Patois features, competence in Patois, and patterns of Patois usage. (Edwards 1997: 410). The studys findings are presented in 3 sets of interactions, as summarised below: Classroom Interaction, Pupil-Pupil Interactions and Pupil-Teacher Interactions. Classroom Interaction The stereotype that Patois speakers are limited to monolingualism was opposed by recordings of Black pupils using different language patterns in the classroom. Pupil-Pupil Interactions Contrary to the beliefs of the White community, Black pupils, who reduced the frequency and range of their nonstandard linguistic features, made a marked choice not to speak Standard English (despite their competence to speak both varieties). The use of Patois in the classroom was rare but virtually all black pupils could understand it, and used features in at least some situations. Within Black peer groups, it marked solidarity and acceptance; in mixed-raced groups, it functioned to exclude the White outsider. However, a few White pupils sought acceptance from Black friendship groups by using Patois, but their degree of competence varied. Some Black pupils responded with amusement and approval; most responded negatively to the White community for using a variety of English that was distinctively Black. Pupil-Teacher Interactions Black pupils used Patois to exclude their White teacher as means of defiance. Teachers then felt threatened when Patois was used in a confrontational way. Teachers who responded punitively elicited negative attitudes towards Patois. Other reports of teacher responses included learning nonstandard linguistic features in an attempt to understand Black dialect. Edwards (1997) concludes that teachers punitive responses and the use of Patois to exclude the White community are a reflection of the issues caused by negative attitudes towards nonstandard varieties of English. A study of Cockney, conducted by Howard Giles and Caroline Sassoon (1982) A study of a speakers accent and social class reveals the attitudes of 120 undergraduate listeners towards Cockney, in comparison to Received Pronunciation (RP). Based, on Ryan Sebastians (1980) study of the attitudes of middle class listeners towards Mexican-American in the USA, both studies were reminiscent of Lamberts (1967) matched-guise test and consisted of a tape-recording, followed by a questionnaire. Ryan Sebastian (1980) found that by disconfirming the listeners assumption of the accented speakers social class, their evaluations improved. Giles Sassoon (1982) referred to this as the Ryan Sebastian effect, which they later opposed in their hypothesis: awareness of a Cockney speakers social class would not attenuate significantly the unfavourable status associations commonly levied against nonstandard speech (pp. 306). The participants of the study (Ss) consisted of 63 males and 57 females, aged between 18 and 23. Ss heard 1 combination of a male students voice and social class information who was recorded reading two stimulus passages using RP and Cockney accents. The legitimacy of his bidialectal skills was assessed in a pilot study by 24 undergraduates. The studys dependant measures involved 5 small questionnaires, each consisting of 7-point rating scales and instructions. The questionnaires were: measures of Ss perception of the speakers social class, accent and formality of speech; social evaluation scales based on the speakers intelligence, success, friendliness and trustworthiness; belief similarity items which measured the extent that Ss agree[d] with the speaker on social issues such as the legislation of marijuana; social distance items which measured how close a relationship Ss were willing to have with the speaker; and social role items which determined Ss willingness to work with the speaker as subordinate to, superior over, or colleague with them (pp. 307). Ss were recorded in groups of up to 6 other undergraduates; they were handed the 5 questionnaires in the format of a response booklet with the social class information facing upwards. Once they had completed the task, they were debriefed and engaged in discussion. The results proved Giles Sassoons hypothesis; the awareness of the speakers middle class background did not prevent Ss from perceiving him as a low status evaluation when he used Cockney. Accent influenced the ratings on only 1 of 4 social issues; listeners shared more beliefs on the legislation of marijuana with the speaker when he used an RP accent; accent had no effect on social distance items; but the findings from the social role items showed that Ss preferred an RP speaker as their superordinate, and as a subordinate too (pp. 311). Giles Sassoon conclude that the awareness of a Cockney speakers middle class background does not prevent the stereotyped negative attitudes towards low status ratings (pp. 311). Conclusion The nonstandard linguistic features in Task 1 and the studies summarised in Task 2 portray several varieties of English. The mixed attitudes towards the widespread use of nonstandard linguistic features are a clear reflection of an ever-changing language. Word count: 1500 words References Allen, R. Fowler, H. (2008). Preposition. Pocket Fowlers Modern English Usage. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Retrieved from http://www.oxfordreference.com.idpproxy.reading.ac.uk/view/10.1093/acref/9780199232581.001.0001/acref-9780199232581-e-3016?rskey=4f5JCxresult=1 Allen, R. Fowler, H. (2008). Who and whom. Pocket Fowlers Modern English Usage. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Retrieved from http://www.oxfordreference.com.idpproxy.reading.ac.uk/view/10.1093/acref/9780199232581.001.0001/acref-9780199232581-e-4155?rskey=ducoglresult=2 Dead. (2017). Oxford English Dictionary. Oxford. Retrieved from https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/dead Edwards, V. (1986). Language In A Black Community. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters Edwards, V. (2007). Patois and the Politics of Protest: Black English in British Classrooms. In Coupland, N. Jaworski, A. Sociolinguistics: A Reader and Coursebook. (408-415). London: MacMillan Press. Fowler, H. Burchfield, R. (1998). That. The new Fowlers Modern English usage. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Giles, H. Sassoon, C. (1983). The effect of speakers accent, social class background and message style on British listeners social judgements. Language Communication, 3(3), 305-313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0271-5309(83)90006-x Guy. (2017). Oxford English Dictionary. Oxford. Retrieved from https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/guy Lambert, W. E. (1967). A social psychology of bilingualism. Journal of Social Issues. 23, 91- 109. Old man. (2017). Oxford English Dictionary. Oxford. Retrieved from https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/old_man

A Tale Of Two Cities :: essays research papers

Throughout the book, A Tale of Two Cities the theme of sacrifice is used to help the reader realize the cost of life, as well as to develop the plot through the effects of those sacrifices. Through the characters of Sydney Carton, Dr. Manette, and Ms. Pross the theme of sacrifice is developed. The theme of sacrifice brings key aspects of the plot together, and Carton's sacrifice brings the novel to closer in the end. Sydney Carton paid the highest cost of sacrifice with his life, and in doing so he was very similar to Jesus Christ. Carton laid down his life for a man who had never done anything for him and who in fact had abused his relationship as demonstrated on page 191 when Carton describes himself in Darnay's view as "a dissolute dog who has never done any good, and never will." Similarly Jesus Christ let himself be beaten, abused, and killed for the same people who spit in his face. Other people in both cases thought that Jesus and Carton were not thought to be much more that dogs, while they both sacrificed their lives so these people who treated them like dogs could live. Both Carton's and Jesus' sacrifice was inspired by a deep desperate love for which they were willing to do anything. Carton was willing to die for Lucie because of his desperate, scandalous love for her, just as Jesus showed his love for man when he was willing to give up his life for every man. This level of love makes the sacrifice even more valuable and brings things to closure. Finally, Carton and Jesus both knew that through their sacrifice, others could have life. Carton's death breathed life into Darnay just as Jesus Christ's death breathes life into those who trust in him. The importance of their death is that it brings life. The role of Carton's sacrifice in the plot is that the cost of life is sometimes high. Through his sacrifice the cost and privilege of living can be measured, just as Christians can see the true cost and privilege of life through Jesus Christ's sacrifice. Dr. Manette also sacrificed much of his life by giving up his own personal goals and agenda for Lucie. On page 125 Dr. Manette says, "any fancies, any reasons, and apprehensions, anything whatsoever, new or old against the man she really loved†¦they

Concept of Anxiety by Soren Kierkegaard Essay -- Philosophy Soren Kier

The Moment and Inwardness I. Introduction In The Concept of Anxiety, Sï ¿ ½ren Kierkegaard deals with human anxiety about the possibility posed by freedom as it relates to sinfulness and spiritual progress. This paper will show that Kierkegaard?s concept of the moment and his prescription for inwardness, both in the context of spirituality, are connected. Importantly, inwardness depends on the moment and the possibility of transition that does not take place in time, transition that seems sudden if spotted from a temporal perspective. First, this paper will make sense of Kierkegaard?s concepts of time, eternity, and the moment, which will be an interpretation taken from his discussion at the first part of chapter three. Second, it will explain what his concept of inwardness is and what it means for human life, which will be based on text from chapter four, section two, subsection two (?Freedom Lost Pneumatically?). Finally, it will use those points to explain the connection between the moment and inwardness and then point o ut the importance of that connection. II. Time, Eternity, and the Moment Time and eternity are important concepts that correspond to the finite and infinite aspects of human life. Time is the realm occupied by the human body, the human psyche, and all worldly affairs. In everyday thought people spatialize the events in this finite realm in terms of the past, present, and future. Eternity is the realm of the spirit that synthesizes the body and psyche, and spirit is the aspect of human life that belongs to the infinite. Kierkegaard thinks of eternity strictly in an infinite sense and wants to avoid regarding as eternity the indefinite passing of time. The inspiring concept that begins in the analysis of ... ...s nature. One angle on this is that abstracting the moment from spirituality, namely, to focus on the temporal moment involving worldly affairs, is to prevent spiritual inwardness to be reached. Another angle is to understand that with spirit it is possible to understand the future with an immediate sense of its possibility to go about life as an earnest task, which means that one does not need to be anxious about the future and idly waiting for it to come in order to understand human possibility. Finally, it should be added that since spirituality is best regarded from the immediacy of the moment, understanding the moment helps one understand Kierkegaard?s goal in this work of preparing his readers for understanding the leap of faith. Bibliography Kierkegaard, Sï ¿ ½ren. The Concept of Anxiety. Trans. Reidar Thomte. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1980.

Class-Size Reduction Essay -- Exploratory Essays Research Papers

Class-Size Reduction    As our country continues to grow, so do our classrooms in which our future is grown. Crowded classrooms can make it difficult for children to learn and can increase stress to pass a class. Reducing class sizes at an early age can "improve student learning" by their being exposed to more one on one attention with a teacher (Class-Size Reduction Program). To achieve this goal, the Class-Size Reduction Program calls for more and better-qualified teachers with more classrooms. Some might see this as a great expense with an increase of taxes. Yet, Congress has already approved $1.3 billion last year to help reduce our schoolsà ­ class sizes. The goal to is to bring down the average size classroom of 25 students to about 18 students per teacher. In those schools that have already taken advantage of this program, students have shown a great deal of improvement in grades and on tests (U.S. Department of Education 1 and 2).   Though expensive, class size reduction is a necessity   because research has shown that children are more successful in learning environments which have fewer students.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In 1998, Bill Clinton paved the way for the Class-Size Reduction Program when he said "Reducing class size is one of the most important investments we can make in our childrenà ­s future. Recent research confirms what parents have always known. Children learn better in small classes with good teachers, and kids who start out in smaller classes do better right through their high school graduation." (U.S. Department of Education 1) After Clintonà ­s proposal, Congress granted $1.2 billion to help hir... ...ucation. More dollars for fewer students in the classroom and more dollars for new, well trained teachers are key ingredients in the recipe for student success.       Works Cited Class-Size Reduction Program.   http://ed.gov/offices/OESE/ClassSize/index.html Class-Size Reduction Program. Myths and Realities. 7 Oct. 2001   http://www.ed.gov/offices/OESE/ClassSize/myths.html Cohen, Michael, etal. U.S. Department of Education. The Class-Size Reduction Program   September 2000. Flannery, Pat. "Smaller classes come at high cost." The Arizona Republic on the Web 1 Oct. 2003. 8 Oct. 2001. <http://www.arizonarepublic.com/cgi-bin/print.php3> U.S. Department of Education. Final FY 2001 Class Size Reduction State Allocations. 7 October 2003. <http://www.ed.gov/offices/OESE/ClassSize/CSAllocation/cs-usa.html

The African Diaspora

The term Diaspora means the dispersion of people from their original homeland. The term African Diaspora refers to the dispersion of the African people across the world throughout the human history. This is a complex process created by the movements and mobility of African people across the globe. The presence of the black people in the Americas, Asia and Europe is the result of African Diaspora. This paper will discuss the African Diaspora and in context of the modern era with a brief account of its history. African Diaspora Historically:The African Diaspora is not a phenomenon of the Middle Ages when the Western nations enslaved millions of Africans and transported them to the Caribbean, Americas. During the post Christian era the African continent has been a center of a glorious civilization. During the Islamic rule the Africans prospered and at that time invaded the Iberian Peninsula along the Arabs. This amalgamation of Afro-Arabic culture created the glorious Moorish civilizati on in the Iberian Peninsula which lasted until the 15th Century A.D.Many Africans settled across the Asian continent during this period of Islamic rule because of near absence of racial discrimination in the Islamic society. That’s why many people of African origin are still seen in Arabia, Yemen, Iraq, Indian Subcontinent and other predominantly Muslim areas. In the middle of the 15th Century the western explorers discovered new lands and continents in the Western Hemisphere. These discoveries unveiled potentials of riches and wealth by plantation in the Americas and Caribbean.To fulfill the needs of these Plantations the Western nations looked towards the African Continent. From this age nearly 11 million taken to the New World, 8 Million to the European Countries while 4 million were transported to the plantations in the Indian Ocean. (Larson, 1999) This was largest forced migration and dispersion of the people of African ancestry in the history and shaped the African Dias pora of modern times. African Diaspora in Modern Age: In the 21st Century both the people living inside the African continent and outside it are sustaining harsh and adverse conditions.People in the African continent are torn by Civil Wars, famine, poverty, fallacies of the leadership and the worst AIDs epidemic. Africans have the largest infant and maternal mortality rate in the world as well as the lowest life expectancy in the world. Most of the Africans are deprived of education, medication and other primary needs. The conditions of the Africans living abroad are also not that favorable. The largest group of people of African ancestry living outside the home continent is Afro-Brazilians.The situation of Afro-Brazilians is no better than their brethren living in Africa. Officially they constitute 45% of the population of Brazil but their contribution in education, business, military and legislation in nothing compared to their population ratio. Whites are dominant in every profit able sector and white collar jobs are only secured for Whites. Blacks living in cities are forced to live in segregated suburbs, where there are no modern municipal facilities provided.Other countries with prominent black populations are the United States and Canada (Combine population 4 million), Caribbean 15 million, France 2 million, U. K. 1. 6 million. (African Diaspora) Conclusion: The African Diaspora in the modern era despite all the slogans of racial equality has been deliberately deprived of all the rights and facilities enjoyed by the developed nations. If the developed nations didn’t take serious measures to cure the deteriorating situation of the African people things will go beyond control.

Car Safety Features Essay

As cars and other motor vehicles get faster, they become more and more dangerous to use. While this is the case, there are many different methods that manufacturers have used to help prevent harm to their consumers. These methods include: air bags, seatbelts, antilock breaking systems and many more. These three features are by far the most commonly known safety features for cars, and pretty much any new car that is manufactured will have all three of these safety features, not only because of the interest in keeping drivers safe but also the recently huge appeal to safety features and ratings for cars. Seat Belts Seat belts are by far the most common safety feature among cars. Everyone knows what they are, been taught to always buckle up, they reduce the risk of death by around 50%, and is illegal to not be wearing one while travelling in a car. But exactly do seatbelts do? Seat belts protect drivers and passengers by strapping them into their seat. This prevents violent jerks caused by either collisions or sudden stops. The basic idea of seatbelts is that they stop you from flying out of the windshield of your car. Why would this happen? It happens because of something called inertia. Inertia matter’s tendency to keep moving if it’s moving or keep staying still if it’s staying still, until it becomes under the influence of a force. Kind of like if you wake up in the morning felling tired, you want to go back to sleep until you force yourself to wake up. This is how inertia works. If you were traveling in a car at 60 kilometres per hour, inertia would mean that the car, and everything inside it, would want to keep moving at 60 kilometres per hour. If the car decelerates very quickly, perhaps due to a crash, everything inside the car will still be moving at 60 kilometres per hour, but the car will be slowing down very quickly. If you were not wearing a seatbelt, you would travel forwards at 60 kilometres per hour and crash through your windshield. Since windshields are made of thick glass, crashing into it would very easily kill you at a speed like this. If you were wearing a seatbelt in a situation like this, the seatbelt acts as a force to stop you from moving forwards, greatly reducing the impact of the inertia. The most commonly known kind of seatbelt is known as the three-point seatbelt, which can be seen on the right. The three-point seatbelt is almost always used in cars and buses. The three-point seatbelt works by having a strip of fabric not only across your hip, but also across your whole torso. The seatbelt has three points, two of them being built into the car, and the third point being where the seatbelt locks in, hence the name three-point seatbelt. Air Bags Another very common form of passenger protection is the air bag. Air bags are basically just what they’re called. They are bags and get filled with air during a crash, preventing the driver/passenger from hitting their head onto the dashboard. Much like seat belts, they strive to decrease the impact of inertia to prevent injury, by stopping the passenger’s head from moving forward. Air bags have three components that work in unison to function correctly: the crash sensor, the inflator, and the air bag itself. The crash sensor is a device that detects the force that is equal to or greater than driving into a brick wall at 16 to 24 kilometres per hour. If this force is met, the crash sensor sends a command to the inflator. The inflator then creates a reaction between sodium azide (NaN3) and potassium nitrate (KNO3) to create nitrogen gas (NO3). The inflator forces this gas into the airbag, cause the bag to inflate. The bag is made of a thin nylon fabric, which is folded into a compartment in both the steering wheel and the the dashboard, and most of the time the seat or door. Anti-lock Braking System (ABS) Many accidents are cause by brakes being applies too much, locking up the wheels and cause the car to skid. ABS tries to prevent the wheel from locking up and making the car lose control. There are 4 components to ABS systems: speed sensors, the pump, valves and the controller. The speed sensors provide information to the controller of what speed the car is travelling at, they are usually located at the wheels. There is a valve in each of the brakes controlled by the ABS. There are three different positions that the valves can be in: the valve being open, blocking the break line and releasing pressure form the brakes. Since valves release the pressure from the brakes, there needs to be something that puts the pressure back in. That’s there the pump come in. When a valve reduces the pressure in the brakes, the pumps are there to put the pressure back in the brake system. And finally, there is the controller. The controller is a computer placed somewhere in the car. The controller just controls how the speed sensors, the pumps and the valve operate. ABS works by detecting hen brakes are applied to hard, and begins to turn the brakes on and off by taking away and re-applying the pressure on them. This stops the wheels on the cars from locking up, and most of the time stops the car from skidding.

Carthaginian Empire

Abstract The Cartage Empire was formed in 814 B. C. According to legend, this was when Princess Dido, of Tore fled from her home, current day Lebanon. This was to escape from the clutches of her brother Pygmalion who had killed her husband, heir to the throne of Tore after her father died. She fled across the Mediterranean with some citizens of Tore and landed at the tip of Northern Africa, Cartage or current day Tunisia. There, she saw that Cartage was almost like an island Jutting out into the Mediterranean, with 2 inlets on either side. It had natural defenses, Just like Tore,Dido's homeland. This was the reason why Princess Dido chose this as the place for her new city, Cartage. Thus, Cartage was founded. By 500 BC, It had become a major Mediterranean power establishing colonies in Corsica, Pizza, North Africa, The Ballerina Islands and Sardinia. It had a population of over 300 000. Its reign started to decline when Hannibal lost the 2nd Punic War. Therefore, we will be focusing on the time period starting from 500 BC till the end of the 2nd Punic War (202 SC). Under Commerce, we are focusing on international trade (trade between The CartageEmpire, North Africa and other cities of the Iberian Peninsula) and how it became an international metropolis due to its strategic location near the Mediterranean trade routes. Under Conflict, we are focusing on military (advanced navy) and territorial expansion (Punic Wars). We will be focusing on Cartage's advanced shipbuilding techniques and how they managed to hold their own against a bigger and stronger enemy (Rome) during the 2nd Punic War. Under Culture, we are focusing on religion and practices. The Carthaginian worshipped most of the gods that were worshipped y the Phoenicians.Also, they had practices like killing their own children. Under Community, we are focusing on government. The government of Cartage was an oligarchic republic, which relied on a system of checks and balances and ensured a form of public ac countability. Our hypothesis is that the extent of the Carthaginian Navy and weaponry managed to hold up a superior empire, namely the Romans, for such a long time. We intend to prove that our hypothesis is true. Community Introduction In this portion we will be talking about Carthaginian government and governing styles.Aristotle himself ranks this republic as one of the best and as an example for all to follow. He says this due to the fact that from Cartage's formation to his time, no considerable sedition had disturbed the peace, nor had any big tyrant arisen. Therefore, let us take a closer look at Cartage's government and governing style. Government The government of Cartage was made of 3 main authorities. They were the 2 supreme magistrates called suffers, 600 people in the senate and the common public. The suffers played the role of king, dictator and consul. They were elected annually from the most wealthy and influential families.These suffers were empowered to elect the sen ate and presided over them. One example of a successful this dynasty and brought much success to the Carthaginian through their countless victories against Rome which allowed Cartage to sustain itself as their offensive nature delayed Romeos invasion into Cartage. The senate formed the very soul of the government and were honored on basis of their age, experience, birth, riches, and most importantly their merit. Public Involvement in Politics When there was no clear majority in the number of votes, the matter was brought to the people of the public.This can be seen as an effective way to crush factions, produce harmony and to enforce and corroborate good counsel. As a result of this, the Carthaginian forces could be funneled into the war efforts instead of busying themselves with major internal conflicts. Their people had confidence in the government, therefore there were no major rebellions during the Cartage golden era. Disadvantages Although Cartage's government had many advantag es, no government is perfect. The Cartage government had two big flaws. Firstly, the government invested the same person with different employments.However, this is highly prejudicial to the community. Bestowing too many responsibilities on one person makes him proud and dazzles him, while making other people Jealous. This might have been so in the case of the Ammonias as Hannibal controlled the army and his family were part of the suffers and the senate. Secondly, the senate was chosen on base of birth while the suffers were chosen on base of wealth. Therefore, poverty may exclude people with enormous merit. This is considered as a great evil in a government as virtue is wholly disregarded while money is all prevalent. ConclusionThe well- organized oligarch republic of Cartage helped to maintain peace and stability within the empire so that more attention could be given to further ventures to expand the empire instead of focusing too much on internal problems. Culture The culture o f the Carthaginian was very much like their ancestors the Phoenicians. Like every ancient city, Cartage had a large number of gods and goddesses. Also, they were notoriously known for child- sacrifice. Gods and Goddesses The chief god of the Carthaginian was Baa' al Hammond while their deity of protection was Maltreat. Baa' al Hammond and Tania were considered as the supreme divine people.Most gods of Cartage came from their predecessors, the Phoenicians. Therefore, culture was not a defining feature of Cartage, though it helped to unify the people. Surviving Punic texts give a detailed description of the temples present in Cartage. They say that there was a well-organized caste of temple priests and acolytes performing various duties for a variety of prices. Child Sacrifice debate about whether child- sacrifice is mere propaganda or true. Urns taken from these sites have shown to contain ashes of footsies, newborn children and bones of young sheep and goats.These children were sacr ificed to their chief god Baa' al Hammond to help them win the various wars that they participated in. Conclusion In conclusion, the religion of Cartage was not an important factor to its success. The gods and goddesses of Cartage brought hope and security to the people. Each god had a specific role to play be it war, agriculture or rain. The people regarded their gods highly and this can be seen in their coins as they depict their most common god, Tania. The gods and goddesses of Cartage brought hope and security to the people. Each god had a specific role to play be it war, agriculture or rain.The people regarded their gods highly and this can be seen in their coins as they depict their most common god, Tania. Commerce Commerce, for Cartage was its occupation and the very reason why its army and Ana were so powerful. It formed Cartage's greatest strength and was the chief support of the commonwealth. Cartage's commerce flourished as it was situated in the centre of the Mediterrane an, stretching out wide. Cartage trade took place all over the world, and they traded in a huge variety of goods. Strategic Location Cartage was located in the centre of the Mediterranean and its colonies spread both east and west.Therefore, it made trade with both Africa and Europe easier. Also, due to Cartage's formidable harbor containing more than 70 commercial ships, it was the best way for Cartage to sail to other parts of the Mediterranean and also Europe to trade. Goods Bought and Sold The Carthaginian sailed to all countries to buy the superfluities of every nation and sold these goods to fulfill the wants of other nation. From Egypt the Carthaginian bought fine flax, paper, corn, sails, and cables for ships. From the coast of the Red Sea they bought spices, frankincense, perfumes, gold, pearls and other precious stones.From Tore and Phoenicia, they bought purple and scarlet, rich stuffs, tapestry, costly furniture and exquisite works of art. They brought back from the west ern world in exchange for all these luxurious items, iron, tin lead and copper. In thus doing so, Cartage became the lord of the seas and sort of the agents of all nations and held east, west and south together. Limitations However, there was a problem with this arrangement. Once Cartage lost control of islands such as Sicily and Sardinia to Rome, they were not able to conduct maritime trade, which was their primary source of income.Thus they were not able to support the vast expenses incurred by the Carthaginian army. Conclusion In conclusion, we can see that Cartage's commercial activities were their primary source of income and enabled them to wage such prolonged wars against an equally if not stronger opponent, the Romans. However, due to their lack of diversity and flexibility and adapting to changing times, they were not able to conduct trade for an extended period of time. This eventually led to their downfall. The mighty forces of the Carthaginian army were constantly lockin g horns with other forces in and around the Mediterranean.The lure of the control of trade in the Mediterranean would ultimately lead to Cartage's untimely demise at the hands of the Romans in the third and final Punic War. Harbor The most magnificent aspect of Cartage was its harbor named Cotton. It was what Cartage was all about; its heart. The harbor had a common entrance from the sea which was 70 Ft wide and could be closed with iron chains. Inside these chains, there were 2 harbors, one commercial and the other military. Firstly, its large harbor was able to store the huge warships whose design the Carthaginian took from Greece during the 1st Punic War.These warships helped the Carthaginian to gain an upper hand over the Romans until the Romans stole the design of these warships and improved them to ultimately defeat the Carthaginian. Secondly, Cotton helped house warships and could dock a maximum of 220 warships. This ensured that Cartage will be ready for battle and its army was always prepared. Having a large naval base would cause other countries to be intimidated and prevent them from attacking Cartage. The Battle of Canaan In the spring of BBC, Hannibal moved from his camp at Geranium and occupied the detailed of a town called Canaan.He planned to attack Canaan so as to be one step closer to his dream of crushing the Roman Empire. Hannibal used a superior strategy against the Roman's strategy of weakening the centre and in a fast and furious bloodbath, The Carthaginian defeated the Romans in a few hours. He faced off against the Romans with an army of 50000 and he was met by a roman army on the fields of battle numbering roughly 76000. The death toll slowly rose as the day wore on . Thus, Hannibal won the Battle of Canaan. Significance of Canaan Canaan was storehouse for grains such as corn.These grains were then delivered to the frontline of the army as and when needed. Although the town itself had been destroyed in the past few years, its capture caused huge commotion in Rome. This was because they not only lost the stores but also the fact that Canaan commanded the surrounding districts. Thus by conquering Canaan, Hannibal disadvantaged Rome in two ways. Firstly, the army that Rome sent to face Hannibal was the biggest they ever did and when they lost 80% of their army, it made a huge dent in their forces. This bought time for Cartage to rethink their strategy and reorganize their roofs.Secondly, by cutting off food supply to the frontline, the Roman army would be short of food and thus not at full strength. This presented another window of opportunity for Hannibal to strike. Another important factor was that Hannibal was able to capture Roman troops and get intelligence about the Roman strategy. In conclusion, we feel that conflict was extremely important in sustaining as going offensive on Rome prevented Rome from invading and destroying Cartage much earlier. Conflict was also major as it brought wealth to Cartage and ena bled them to strengthen their military even more.Community, culture, commerce and conflict. All four define a nation in one way or another across the continents. Conflict, in this case, has been the defining factor in Cartage's history. It changed the way Cartage was looked upon by the world by proving itself to be a force to be reckoned with. Besides a certain amount of aesthetic value for Cartage, conflict also served to extend Cartage's reach down in to Africa as well as territories encompassing the Mediterranean Sea. This can be seen by their rate of territorial expansion.In a matter of a few hundred years, they had grown into n empire that could only be outmatched by Rome, and had a military harbor to be like no other. Their generals and weaponry was of high quality, seen by their bronze battering ram- like warship during the 1st Punic War. They also had clever and strategic generals like Hazardous, Whimsical, Hanna and of course Hannibal. Therefore, it can be seen that Cartage 's reason for success was its military strength and prowess. Although they were extinguished in the end, they will always be remembered as the Lord of the Seas and as the only empire to outmatch Rome.

Han Dynasty Women

Finally , they gained control over their own lives by maintaining propriety and the rules Of society. In order to better understand the role of women during the Han Dynasty, it is first important to understand the context of the society in which they lived. The Ha n Dynasty was a time of great growth and development for Chinese history. Much of society w as dictated by Confucian ideals, including the way the people related to each other. Confucius g's five relationships dictated the way that people related to each other, including the ay that women were expected to interact with people in their life.Confucianism also influence De the ideals the society tried to achieve, such as filial piety and virtue. Ritual and tradition was important to the higher society. This time period is characterized by it's Confucius nature, and t his helps to explain the position of women in regards to the rest of society. First, women were expected to be respectful and submissive to their husband s, but t his respect was returned in the respect each person was expected to have toward their mother. The five relationships of Confucius dictated that a woman submit to their husband .This meant that in all things, the wife should put her husband first. It was not acceptable to be a anything but loyal to his decisions and his condition. For example, Lie Hissing, a Han century biogas peer, wrote a short biography Of the Widowed Wife Of Wee.

See instructions Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

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Health Economics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Health Economics - Assignment Example This paper illustrates that since 1929 the number of physicians has rapidly increased as compared to ancillary health workers. This is because of the magnitude to which macroeconomic trends, GDP, and personal income, influence physicians utilization according to the study carried by et al, 2003. As from this year, the GDP and personal income have been shown to increase thereby increasing the utilization of physicians. As more technological advances become of the medicine the demand for less skilled workers will reduce since technology have been shown to do more of the work. Intuitively, the number of skilled workers will grow faster because their labor is needed in supporting technological advancement. The researcher states that just like any goods and services, the value of knee brace is determined by the market forces, that is demand and supply. When the demand is high and supply is low, the value is likely to increase in the market. The paper tells that the operation is a medical service already offered and therefore would require compensation in form of $7,000. This puts the patient in a better place since he or she has received a service which was really needed and at the same point has paid for it. Research and development: This factor affects the US expenditure in health since the innovation of new medicines is essential and needs to be funded. This also affects the increase in demand

The conflict in the Middle East Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The conflict in the Middle East - Essay Example Similarly, international relations are concerned with how countries in the world relate to each other and the impact of that relation and whether it is beneficial or destructive. In essence international relation is meant to bring mutual cooperation amongst countries. Before we go further we need to know in a nutshell the history and the nature of Israeli Palestinian conflict. This conflict began in the late 19th century, but the conflict turned into a nasty during the early 1990s with both sides employing the use of artillery that resulted in many deaths from both sides. Consequently as the aggression increased so did the human suffering and this definitely caught the attention of the world thus the need to find a lasting solution to the issue. Historical accounts indicate that the Jews were displaced from the land which they were occupying formerly known a Canaan through continuous conflict with its neighbors. During the 14th century, the Ottoman Empire had conquered the whole of t he Middle East. Thus all the peoples of this region came under the Ottoman rule and during the First World War the Ottomans sided with the Germans while on the other hand the British supported an Arab uprising against the Ottomans. The British did this with the promise that they were then going to give the Arabs independence and thus self rule. Of importance to note at this point is that the British also promised to give the Jews who were scattered the world over a homeland in the Palestine. After the war, a declaration known as the Belfour declaration was signed by the British foreign secretary Arthur Balfour. The declaration stated its support for... The conflict in the Middle East The American- Israeli Cooperative Enterprise (2013), puts the number of Jews killed at 24,841 and that of Palestinians killed at 90,785. This paper will thus be looking at the global position of the Middle East, the two warring states (Israel and Palestine), nature and history of the conflict, cost of the war, current state of the conflict, role of leaders, impact of the conflict, and that of religion in this conflict. The Middle East is a location in the east of the world map and it can also be said to comprise Western Asia. This is a region starting from the northeastern part of Africa to southwestern Asia and southeastern Europe.Several ethnic groups inhabit this area with the largest group being the Arab with Jews, Palestinians, Kurds, and Persians among others being the small ethnic groupings. In spite of being neighbors the two states are in a constant war mode that is detrimental to the populations in both states. Interestingly, part of the Palestinian state is located on the southwest of Israel (Gaza) and the other part is located east of Israel (west Bank). This therefore means that both Israel and Palestinian Gaza have access to the Mediterranean Sea and both share borders with Jordan and Egypt. There are several reasons that created this conflict which have had negative impacts on populations of both countries, their economies as well as the social order. Numerous attempts have been made by world leaders at bringing this situation under control but results have not as yet been positive.

Starbucks Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Starbucks - Essay Example The paper talks us the story of Starbucks from very begining. By 1992, Starbucks had its initial public offering with 165 outlets. Today, Starbucks has almost 17,000 stores in over 50 countries. It has also taken over several companies including Seattle Coffee Company, Seattle's Best Coffee, Diedrich Coffee and Coffee People. Starbucks has also reduced product cost and waste but at the same time improved customer satisfaction. The profitability of their international business continues to improve through supply chain efficiencies. The primary market risk that Starbucks will face in the coming year is the commodity price risk of coffee and dairy products. Foreign exchange currency risk is also a concern because of its international operations. After an analysis of the financials of Starbucks, we can say that it is very good investment for the future because of its growth potential. Although its US market may already be saturated, its overseas market is not yet saturated. Its 40-year history of providing exceptional coffee, world-class customer experience, commitment to its partners (employees) and dedication as a responsible corporate citizen is more than enough reason to invest in the company. We are sure we can go wrong with Starbucks! Go to the store and try a good cup of coffee!

English Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 22

English - Essay Example by FIFA, or Federation International de Football Association which organizes the immensely popular FIFA World Cup, the sport’s principal event, once in every four years. It also regulates all levels of soccer- including the professional games on the international level, Olympic competitions and youth leagues. America’s National Football League or NFL is the principal professional league in the world, several other leagues forming later in North America and Europe. On par with them is the Major League Soccer with many teams with fans world over, the most famous ones being A.C. Milan of Italy, Ajax Amsterdam of The Netherlands, Manchester United of England, Real Madrid of Spain, Boca Juniors of Argentina, Sao Paulo of Brazil, and Colo Colo of Chile. There are certain aspects which are common to both games and rhere are some differences. What is common to both forms of soccer -association football, and American football is the fact that both require two teams with 11 players each, in which players try scoring a goal by hitting the ball into the opponents’ goal, using any part of their body other than the hands requiring remarkable skills in use of feet and heads for kicking, dribbling, or passing the ball toward the goal or to another player. Important contrasts are as follows. Firstly the area of the playing fields differs which for soccer, is 90 and 120 m (100 and 130 yd) long and between 45 and 90 m (50 and 100 yd) wide and for American football is 120 yd (110 m) long and 53 yd 1 ft (48.8 m) wide. While in soccer 11 players serve as goalkeeper, defender, midfielder, and attacker American football having no such clear definitions, the players have to adapt to many roles. In soccer a referee single handedly decides and is assisted by two linesmen signaling when a player is â€Å"offside† or when a ball crosses the boundary line. In American football however there is a referee, an umpire, a linesman, a field judge, a back judge, a line judge, and a side

Value meaning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Value meaning - Essay Example To me life is finding g a purpose and pursuing it to the bitter end, no matter the circumstances (Williams, 2012). One of my life’s guiding values is integrity. I believe with integrity one can easily excel where others have terribly gone wrong and failed. Once I was sitting for my end of year exams, and the instructor came and gave us the exams. After that he told us that the exam was 2 hours long and we could start just then. Then to everyone’s surprise, he walked out and left us alone. The exam was quite difficult and nobody could recall learning anything that the instructor had given us to tackle. Some students perused through the notes while others shared information with one another. Several others still conspired to walk out and said they would ask their doctors to write sick leave for them so that they could have the instructor do a makeup, hoping that it would be easy. My mind was racing with ideas, and I almost joined my colleagues in walking out and cheating. However, deep inside of me a small voice told me to do the right thing and just be done (Cohen, 2010). After my 2 hours were over, I glanced back and saw I was the only one left in the classroom. By that time the instructor had arrived and I handed him my paper. He then started congratulating me and told me the test actually was an assessment on students’ integrity and that it had a reward of $2000.In addition, the instructor had arranged with College Press and out of nowhere photographers were milling around me asking so much about me. My story would be run on the front cover of the prestigious Campus News and I became a celeb overnight, in addition to being appointed to several student bodies. From that experience I decided integrity would be part and parcel of me. To date I have adhered to this value and I have never regretted my decision since it has served me well. Purpose in life simply means discovering the reason why one is alive and setting

Sports Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Sports Management - Essay Example As the paper declares motivation often refers to the complex forces or other mechanisms that stimulate one to start and maintain a voluntary activity, aiming towards the achievement of personal goals. Scholars in Organizational Behavior research explain motivational theories from two different perspectives. One is from the content theories of motivation while the other is the process of motivation. Content theories are interested in whatever motivates individuals in the workplace. This discussion stresses that the theory of the hierarchy of needs, developed by Maslow in 1943 suggests that people have specific requirements that are important to human life. The most elementary needs are physiological followed by safety, love and belonging, esteem, and self-actualization. Maslow’s theory is accepted and used broadly and applies effectively to the sports sector. Need is considered to be a critical factor that determines the benefits of stimulus for an individual. Based on this theory, Knowles also concludes that volunteerism is a means for serving society. Thus, the theory tends to emphasize on the egoistic aspect out of the various types of volunteer motivations. Through this theory, volunteers recognize that they have capabilities, freedom, and confidence to address chronical social problems in society. For instance, the application of this theory has led to an increase in the numbers of volunteers at the Olympic Games from almost zero to 40,917 used duri ng the 2000 Olympic Games held in Sydney.

Millions With Chronic Disease Get Little to No Treatment Essay Example for Free

Millions With Chronic Disease Get Little to No Treatment Essay Relation to Management: The management team of every organization is expected to handle employee issues to be able to increase their competencies at work, which includes their health status at work. Helping employees avoid developing chronic illness through giving them better access to healthcare assistance availabilities as well as giving them fine environment for work is a huge step up in solving this issue on the part of the organizations’ management team. The rate of employees having the need to deal with suffering from chronic disease increases every year, especially in the American region. It could not be denied that the stress and the pressures that most employees deal with at work costs their lost of health stability. The article of Reed Abelson aims to show how many employees today are already affected by the illness. As the years of economic downfall over the world enters the scene, the problem becomes even more serious thus demanding a more serious attention on the matter from the management teams of the different business organizations all over the world. (Abelson, 2008, Intenet) The most disturbing issue that has been noted by the author is that most of the people having this particular illness actually receive lesser attention from the administration of the business organizations that they are working for. This is the reason why Jeffrey Harris and his colleagues decided to search for evidences that prove that chronic disease among employees in America today and thus be able to find a solution to the said issue. The group of Harris conducted a pilot test of the American Cancer Society Workplace Solutions, which they applied as intervention system in the work operations of eight major employers in the Pacific Northwest.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The said intervention proposed at least 15 major focus-activities that are further subdivided into five categories that are listed as follows: health insurance benefits policies workplace programs health promoting communication tracking of employees health behaviors to measure progress Along the said process of intervention, the researchers even added a 4-meeting session to be held with the employers of the companies involved for two months which are to begin with handed questionnaires that are designed to asses their involvement in the program and how well their employees are faring due to the effects of the program.(Harris, et al, 2008, 16)   TO be able to test the effectiveness of the program, the researchers decided to present the data in a before-after pattern which gave a clear depiction on how the program affected the existing systems of the organization and the health awareness culture that the said business organizations adapt to. Why have the research been concentrating on the employers as source of motivation on the staff personnel of the business organizations tested and not direct the study on the employees at once? There are three main reasons why this process had been considered effective by the researchers: Employers have power over the workplace environments that directly affect the health of the old-aged employees of the organizations. Employers face rapidly mounting healthcare and productivity costs that could affect the process by which they aim to safeguard the health of their people at work. Employers are the once who are in charged of controlling health insurances of employees. These reasons actually showed how much the employers could do to imply a health-conscious environment at work and thus increase health assured number of employees, in the aim of trying to help them avoid the causes of Chronic Disease that could result to long time illness. As a result of the study, the data gathered by the researchers showed that most employers who to involved in the study chose to impose non-smoking policies. Since it appeared to be the least expensive and actually the easiest way to encourage employees to be health conscious, it has been the â€Å"favorite† of the employers. Least applied on the organization on the other hand is the sun-protection program which aims to protect the employees, especially the ones working in the field, from being affected by the heat rays of the sun at work. (Harris, et al, 2008, 13) It is also through this study that it was found out that employers are less able to apply policies, especially when they are not at first handed through a written proposal that would outline the significance of the process to their business and their employees as well. More over, the study revealed that employers are more than willing to learn how to deal with the health needs of their people. Primarily, this is because aside from increasing the employees’ loyalty to them, it also serves as a protection to their gains in the future time as it would help them avoid paying for unnecessary or emergency health cases that their employees have to face. From the study analyzed, it could be noted that employers are indeed expected to take serious consideration of their employees’ health as they are considered to be the organization’s foundation now and in the future. Hence, the application of health-conscious programs on their part for the benefits of their people is an essential part of employee loyalty enhancement proceedings. Being able to establish such particular program in an organization makes the process of dealing with health issues in the organization be met with better ease and understanding on the part of the parties involved in the situation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   True, as Abelson notes in his article, understanding the health needs of the employees working for the success of the business actually ensures the progress of the entire business in the industry that they are involved with. This is the reason why the management team of the organizations today should actually give focus in answering these issues to ease the employees of the health problems that they need to deal with and thus give them better chances of performing better for the business organization’s sake. Reference: Harris JR, Cross J, Hannon PA, Mahoney E, Ross-Viles S, Kuniyuki A. Employer adoption of evidence-based chronic disease prevention practices: a pilot study. Prev Chronic Dis. 2008;5(3). Reed Abelson. (August 2008). Millions With Chronic Disease Get Little to No Treatment. http://www.nytimes.com/2008/08/05/business/05health.html?_r=1ref=businessoref=slogin. (August 5, 2008).