Types Of Narcissistic Personalities Philosophy Essay

Types Of narcistic Personalities Philosophy EssayLike both of us, narcists be human beings. As such, all narcists atomic number 18 non alike. They argon unalike among themselves. We take up Millons report first.In the year 1969, Millon has divided the ego- get a lineceited personalities into two subtypes (1) Passive independent, or self-conceited personalities, who are confident of their self-worth and who sapidity they contract to be merely themselves to justify being content and pay off (2) dynamic-independent, or antisocial personalities, who struggle to prove themselves, who visit on their rights and allow be harsh and ruthless when necessary to retaliate or reduce upon powerfulness over separates. For the egotistical type, self-esteem in based on a blind and nave assumption of personal worth and victority. For the antisocial type, it depends from distrust, an assumption that others will be humiliating and exploitive. To these personalities, whose independe nce from others takes on an active and angry calibre, self-determination is a protective maneuver it is a style of countering, with their own power and prestige, the hostility, deception, and victimization they anticipate from others. Although both passive self-conceited and active independents (antisocial) devalue the standards and opinions of others, finding gratification primarily within themselves. Their smell histories and the strategies they employ for achieving their needs are potentially different. After intermittent interests in narcissism Millon (1977, 1987, and 1994) has presented the following four types of narcissistic personalities (i) unscrupulous narcissist (ii) wild-eyed Narcissist (iii) Compensatory Narcissist (iv) Elitist Narcissisti) The Unprincipled NarcissistThe unscrupulous narcissist has been seen to a greater extent rattling much in drug rehabilitation programs, c drop offs for youth offenders, and in jails and prisons. Although these individuals lots are successful in society, keeping their activities just within the boundaries of the law, they enter into clinical treatment sort of infrequently.The behavior of these narcissists characterized by an arrogant sentience of self-worth, an indifference to the welfare of others, and a actorulent and intimidating social manner. at that place is a desire to exploit others, to expect special recognitions and considerations without assuming joint responsibilities. A deficient social conscience is evident in the propensity to flout conventions, to engage in actions that raise questions of personal integrity, and to disregard the rights of others. doing deficits and social responsibilities are justified by expansive fantasies and frank prevarications. Descriptively, we whitethorn characterize this narcissist as devoid of a superego that is evidencing an unscrupulous, amoral, and cheapjack approach to relationships with others. more(prenominal) than merely disloyal and exploiti ve, these narcissists whitethorn be plant among societys con men and charlatans, many an(prenominal) of whom are vindictive and contemptuous of their victims. The makes that are clearly seen in the unprincipled narcissist support the coating that these individuals are an admixture of both narcissistic and antisocial personality characteristics.The unprincipled narcissist evidences a rash willingness to risk harm and is notably brave in the face of threats and punitive action, Malicious tendencies are projected outward, effect frequent personal and family difficulties, as well as occasional legal entanglements. vengeful gratification is often obtained by humiliating and dominating others. These narcissists operate as if they grant no principles other than exploiting others for their personal gain. Lacking a authorized sense of evil and possessing petty(a) social conscience, they are opportunists and charlatans who enjoy the process of swindling others. In a jeopardize narc issists enjoy playing, they outwit others and hold in them in condescension owing to the ease with which they can be seduced. Relationships survive only as long as the narcissist has roundthing to gain. People are dropped with no vox populi to the anguish they may experience as a consequence of the narcissists offhanded and irresponsible behaviors.In many ways, the unprincipled narcissist is similar to the disingenuous histrionic. They share a devious and guileful style, plotting and scheming in their calculations to manipulate others. However, the disingenuous histrionic continues to keep up the strong need for attention and love, characteristics not present in the narcissist where there is a basic self-centeredness and an indifference to the attitudes and reactions of others. The unprincipled narcissist preys on the weak and vulnerable, enjoying their dismay and anger the histrionic, by contrast, examines to hold the respect and affection of those they dismiss in the purs ual of love and admiration.Unprincipled narcissists display an indifference to legality that, if brought to their attention, is likely to elicit an carriage of chance(a) indifference. They are skillful in the ways of social influence, are equal to(p) of affecting an air of justified innocence, and are adept in deceiving others with get and glibness. Lacking any deep lifeings of loyalty, they may successfully scheme to a lower place a veneer of politeness and civility. Their principal orientation is that of outwitting others, getting power and exploiting them before they do it to you. They often carry a chip-on-the shoulder attitude, a readiness to attack those who are distrusted or who can be utilize as scapegoats. A number of these narcissists attempt to present an image of composed strength, acting tough, arrogant, and fearless. To prove their courage they may invite danger and punishment. nevertheless punishment only verifies their unconscious recognition that they dese rve to be punished. kind of than having a deterrent effect, it only reinforces their exploitive and unprincipled behaviors.ii) The Amorous NarcissistThe distinctive feature of this narcissistic personality type is an erotic and insidious orientation, a building up of adepts self-worth by engaging members of the adversary insinuate urge in the game of sexual temptation. There is an indifferent conscience, an aloofness to truth and social responsibility that, if brought to the amorous narcissists attention, elicits an attitude of nonchalant innocence. Though solely self-oriented, these individuals are facile in the ways of social seduction, often feign an air of dignity and confidence, and are alternatively skilled in deceiving others with their cagey glibness. These narcissists are skillful in enticing, bewitching, and tantalizing the needy and the naive. Although indulging their hedonistic desires, as well as pursue numerous beguiling objects at the same time, they are stro ngly indispose to become involved in a genuine intimacy. kinda than investing their social movements in 1 appealing person, they seek to acquire a coterie of amorous objects, invariably lying and swindling as they weave from one diseased relationship to another. The qualities just outlined are strongly apocalyptical of the observation that these narcissistic types possess numerous characteristics that are primary among histrionic personalities.Although a reasonably good capacity for sexual athletics sustains the actors assistant of many individuals, narcissists or not, the need to repeatedly demonstrate ones sexual artwork is a preeminent obsession among amorous subtypes. Among these personalities are those whose endless pursuit of sexual conquests is fulfilled as effectively and frequently as their attract style promises. Others, however, talk well, place their lures and baits extremely well-until they reach the bed inhabit door maneuvering and seduction is done with great aplomb, but performance waterfall short. For the most part, the sexual exploits of the amorous narcissist are brief, lasting from one afternoon to only a few weeks.Some amorous narcissists are afraid(predicate) of the opposite sex, afraid that their pretensions and ambitions will be exposed and found wanting. Their sexual banter and seductive feelings of inadequacy. Although they come along to desire the. affections of a warm and intimate relationship, they typically feel restless and unsatisfied when they find it. Having won others over, they seem to need to continue their pursuit. It is the act of exhibitionistically being seductive, and hence gaining in narcissistic stature, that compels. The makement of ego gratification terminates for a moment, but it must be pursued again and again.Not infrequently, amorous narcissists leave be hind(prenominal) them a trail of outrageous acts such as swindling, sexual excesses, pathological lying, and fraud. This disregard for truth and the talent for exploitation and deception are often neither hostile nor malicious in intent. These characteristics reckon to derive from an attitude of narcissistic omnipotence and self-assurance, a feeling that the implicit rules of human relationships do not gull to them and that they are above the responsibilities of shared living. As with the basic narcissistic pattern, individuals of this subtype go out of their way to entice and inveigle the unwary among the opposite sex, remain coolly indifferent to the welfare of those whom they bewitch, whom they have used to promote and indulge their hedonistic whims and erotic desires.Caring little to shoulder genuine social responsibilities and unwilling to change their seductive ways. amorous narcissists refuse to buckle down in a serious relationship and expend effort to prove their worth. Never having learned to control their fantasies or to be have-to doe with with matters of social integrity they will maintain their bewitching way s, if need be by deception, fraud, lying, and by charming others through craft and wit. Rather than apply their talents toward the end of tangible compassments or genuine relationships, they will devote their energies to hold intricate lies, to cleverly exploit others, and to slyly contrive ways to pull out from others what they believe is their due. Untroubled by conscience and needing nourishment for their overinflated self-image, they will fashion stories that enhance their worth and thereby succeed in seducing others into supporting their excesses. literary criticism and punishment are likely to prove of no avail since these narcissists speedily dismisses them as the product of jealous inferiors.iii) The Compensatory NarcissistCompensatory narcissists deviate in a fundamental way from other narcissistic subtypes as well as from the prototypal narcissist. The origins that undergird their overtly narcissistic behaviors derive from an underlying sense of jeopardy and weaknes s, rather than from genuine feelings of self-confidence and high self-esteem. Beneath their surface pseudo-confidence, the perspective they evince publicly, this narcissist is driven by forces standardized to those who overtly display characteristics more akin, to the negativistic and avoidant personalities.The compensatory narcissist represents patients who are labeled narcissistic by those in the psychoanalytic community in that they have suffered wounds in early life. galore(postnominal) have been exposed to experiences akin to the negativistic, avoidant, and antisocial types. In essence, these personalities seek to take form up or compensate for early life deprivations. They are similar to the antisocial, but compensatory narcissists seek to fill their sense of emptiness by creating an dissembling of superiority and by building up an image of high self-worth, rather than by usurping the power and control that others possess or by accumulating somatic possessions.Compensato ry narcissists need others to fulfill their strivings for prestige. Their motive is to enhance their self-esteem, to obtain and to store up within the self all forms of recognition that will glorify their globe persona. Much to the annoyance of others, these narcissists act drunk as they recount their successes and indicate for others to acknowledge all forms of regular minor everyday recognition. In effect, these narcissists actively worship themselves they are their own god. As this inflated and overvalued sense of self rises evermore highly, narcissists look down on others as devalued plebeians. More and more, they acquire a deprecatory attitude in which the achievements of others are ridiculed and degraded. heart is a search for pseudo-status, an empty series of aspirations that serves no purpose other than self-enhancement. This search for these vacuous goals may generate to run wild, resting from its very nucleotide on an unsure sense of self value that has but little co ntact with tangible achievements. Instead of living their own lives. they pursue the prima(p) role in a false and imaginary theater. Nothing they achieve in this pursuit relates much to public. Their tenacious aspirations for glory may impact the naive and the grateful, but they possess little of a genuine or objective character.Should these pursuits lose their grounding in reality, comme il faut more and more an imaginary world, peopled with self and others as in a dream, compensatory narcissists begin to deceive themselves in a manner not unlike the fanatical paranoid. If we draw a line between these two personality subtypes, we would see that the compensatory narcissist strives for prestige in a world composed of real people. When reality recedes and fantasy comes more to the fore, we see the fanatic who acts out aspirations in solitude. unrivalled comes to the stage in front of others, be it in the form of mimicry and boasting the other stands alone in an inner world, a ps eudo-community, as Cameron (1963) has phrased it, where imagination has substantially replaced reality.Owing to the in stiff foundations on which heir narcissistic displays are grounded, compensatory narcissists are hypervigilant, to use a term employed by Gabbard (1994). What is meant here is they are exquisitely sensitive to how others react to them, watching and perceive carefully for any critical judgment, and feeling slighted by every property of disapproval. Although not delusional, as are their paranoid counterparts, these narcissists are prone to feel shamed and humiliated, especially hyperanxious and vulnerable to the judgments of others. They know that they are frauds at some level, pretenders who seek to convey impressions of being of higher standing than they know is real the case. Despite this awareness, they do not act shy and hesitant, as would seem likely. Instead, they, submerge and cover up their deep sense of inadequacy and deficiency by pseudo-arrogance and su perficial grandiosity. .iv) The Elitist NarcissistReich (1949) captured the essential qualities of what we are terming the elitist narcissist when he described the priapic-narcissist character as a self-assured, arrogant, and energetic person often impressive in his bearing. . . . and are iIIsuited to subordinate positions among the rank and file. As with the compensatory narcissist, elitist narcissists are more taken with their inflated self-image than with their actual self. Both narcissistic types become a false facade that bears minimal resemblance to the person they rightfully are. Compensatory narcissists, however, know at some level that they are a fraud in fact, and that they put forth an appearance different from the way they are. By contrast, elitist narcissists, perhaps the purest variant of the narcissistic style, are deeply convinced of their superior self-image although it is grounded on few realistic achievements. To elitists, the appearance of things is perceived a s objective reality their inflated self-image is their intrinsic substance. Only when these illusory elements to their self-worth are seriously under mined will they be able to recognize, perhaps flush to acknowledge, their deeper shortcomings.As a consequence of their sublime self-confidence, elitists feel quite secure in their apparent superiority. They achieve this in part by capturing the attentions of others and make them take note of the supposed extraordinary qualities. Most everything these narcissists do is think to persuade others of their specialisation, rather than to put their efforts into acquiring genuine qualifications and attainments. They feel privileged and empowered by virtue of whatever class status and pseudo achievements they may have attained. Most are upwardly mobile, seeking to cultivate their sense of specialness and personal advantage by associating with those who may possess genuine achievements and recognition. Many elitists will create comparisons between themselves and others, turning personal relationships into public competitions and contests. Unrivaled in the pursuit of becoming number one, the grounds for this goal are not determined by genuine accomplishments, but by the head to which they can convince others of its reality, false though its substance may be.As just described, many narcissistic elitists are social climbers who seek to cultivate their image and social luster by virtue of those with whom they are affiliated. To them, it is not the old chestnut of guilt by association, but rather that of status by association. Idolizing public recognition, narcissists of this type get caught in the game of one-upmanship, which they strive vigorously to win, at least comparatively. Status and self-promotion are all that matter to narcissistic elitists. To be celebrated, even famous, is what drives them, rather than to achieve all important(p) accomplishments. In whatever sphere of activity matters to them, they invest the ir efforts to advertise themselves, to be adrift near achievements, substantive or fraudulent, to make anything they have done appear to be wonderful, better than what others may have done, and better than it may actually be.By making excessive claims about themselves, these narcissists expose a great distance between their actual selves and their self-presentations. In contrast to many narcissists who recognize this disparity, elitists are convinced and absolute in their belief in self. Rather than backing off, withdrawing, or feeling shame when slighted or responded to with indifference, elitist narcissists speed up their efforts all the more, acting increasingly and somewhat erratically to exhibit deeds and awards worthy of high esteem. They may present grandiose illusions about their powers and future status they may puff up their limited accomplishments they may seek competitively to outdo those who have achieved in reality.By the persistence and social intrusiveness of their behaviors, narcissistic elitists may begin to give oneself up themselves from others, and the admiration they seek. Insulating themselves from signs of painful indifference and psychic injury, they may try to distance or screen out negativistic and judgmental responses. Some may become overtly hostile, acquiring characteristics of the querulous paranoid, quickly losing the remaining elements of their former charm and cleverness, becoming increasingly contemptuous of those whom they feel are treating them so shabbily. Still believe themselves to be special persons, these elitists see little need to listen or follow the dictates of anyone else. They may begin to react with now anger and irritability, convinced that they need no one. As these self-protective beliefs and actions gain in their defensive and negative tone, the elitist narcissist comes to be seen as an undesirable and discomfit person, a touchy and inflated character whom others wish to shun.Burstens four temper vari antsBursten (1973-1982) presented four personality variants within the narcissistic grouping, speaking of them as the craving, paranoid, manipulative, and phallic types. He refers to theCraving variety as changing, demanding, often pouting and whining.These labeled paranoid narcissists correspond with general descriptions of the paranoid personality.Manipulative narcissists encompass a queen-size segment of what are referred to as antisocial personalities in the DSMThe fourth subtype, phallic narcissistic, describes patients who are exhibitionistic, reckless, cold, and arrogant. In seeking to contrast borderline from narcissistic personalities, Bursten makes references to the distinction as bearing on the stickyness of self. Elaborating this distinction, he speaks of the narcissistic personality as comprising (1982) .a group of people whose sense of self is sufficiently cohesive that they do not suffer form these types of fragility problems. The striking feature of this cluster of personality types centers around self-esteem. They maintain an intense interest in themselves and harbor both grandiose fantasies, albeit not to a delusional extent, and the need to associate with powerful figures. When one frustrates their verity or their need for an holy person parent, they become dysfunctional they suffer sever disappointment depression, rage, and hypochondriacs. They may even have floating episodes of confusion, but such mental disintegration is very brief and does not have the prominence and the persistence of people whose personalities fall in the borderline cluster. Cohesiveness of their sense of self is maintained by the intensity of their narcissistic focus on themselves. (p.414)