Italian Renaissance: Earliest Form of the General

1. Italian rebirth earliest form of the general European reincarnation, a period of great ethnic change and achievement that began in Italy. 2. Jacob Birthmark historian of maneuver and culture, and an authoritative figure in the historiography of each field 3. Oligarchies small group that rule a city and its surrounding countryside 4. Conditioner the mercenary soldier leaders (warlords) of the professional, armed forces free companies contracted by the Italian city-states and the Papacy from the tardily center(a) ages and throughout the conversion. 5. republic of Florence TheRepublic of Florence, or the Florentine Republic, was a city-state that was centered on the city of Florence, located in new-fashioned Tuscany, Italy 6. Medici Family political dynasty, banking family and easyr proud house that introductory began to gather prominence at a lower place Cosmic De Medici in the Republic of Florence during the late 14th one C. 7. Cosmic Domenici Cosmic did Gi ovanni De Medici (27 September 1389 1 August 1464) was the first of the Medici political dynasty, De facto rulers of Florence 8. Lorenz Domenici Italian statesman and De facto ruler of the Florentine Republic during the Italian rebirth 9.Duchy of Milan constituent state of the Holy papistical Empire in northern Italy. It was created in 1395, when it included twenty-six t accepts and the large rural area of the middle Pad Plain 10. Spoors family ruling family of metempsychosis Italy, based in Milan. They acquired the dukedom and Duchy of Milan from the previously ruling Viscount family 11. Republic of Venice state originating from the city of Venice in Northeastern Italy. It existed for over a millennium, from the late 7th century until 1797 12. Papal States territories in the Italian peninsula under the monarch butterfly direct rule of the Pope 13.Kingdom of the Two Sillies largest of the Italian states before Italian unification. It was formed off union of the Spanish B ourbon Kingdom of Sicily and the Kingdom of Naples 14. Charles viii monarch of the House of Valves who ruled as King of France from 1483 to his ending in 1498. He succeeded his father Louis XSL at the age of 13. 15. Giordano Savonarola Italian Dominican mendicant and preacher active in conversion Florence, and known for his prophecies of civic jubilate 16. blasphemous humanism group of philosophies and ethical perspectives which emphasize the value and agency of kind beings 17.Civil Humanism Classical republicanism is a form of republicanism developed in the metempsychosis inspired by the governmental forms and writings of classical antiquity. 18. Patriarch Retina disciple and poet in metempsychosis Italy, and one of the earliest humanists 19. Vacation Italian author and poet, student, and correspondent of Patriarch, an important Renaissance humanist and the author of a routine of notable pieces of literature. 20. Leonardo Bruin Italian humanist, historian and sta tesman. He has been called the first modern historian 21.Lorenz Villa Italian humanist, rhetorician, and educator. 2. Latin Vulgate late 4th-century Latin transmutation of the Bible done by Saint Jerome. 23. Amarillo Fiction one of the virtually influential humanist philosophers of the early Italian Renaissance 24. Pico Della Miranda Italian Renaissance philosopher 25. Balderdash Castigation Italian courtier, diplomat, soldier and a swelled Renaissance author 26. Virtue concept theorized by Niccole Machiavelli, centered on the m prowessial(a) spirit and ability off population or leader 27.Johann Gutenberg German blacksmith, goldsmith, printer, and publisher who introduced printing to Europe 28. Quaternion cultural and artistic events of fifteenth century Italy are collectively referred to as the Quaternion 29. Giorgio Vassar Italian painter, architect, generator and historian, to a greater extent or less famous today for his Lives of the Most Eminent Painters, Sculpto rs, and Architects 30. Pope black lovage VI head of the Catholic Church from 11 August 1492 to his death in 1503 31. Perspective certain view one may bugger off regarding an opinion or event 32.Chiaroscuro use of strong contrasts between get out and dark, usually bold contrasts affecting a whole composition 33. stylize faces medieval faces in artmore stylized and generic 34. suffuse fine shading that produces soft, imperceptible transitions between colors and tones. It is used closely often in connection with the work of Leonardo ad Vinci and his pursuit 35. Contrasts Italian term that meaner countertops. It is used in the visual arts to draw off a human figure standing with most of its weight on one foot 36.Ghetto Italian painter and architect from Florence in the late Middle Ages 37. Brucellosis most famous for his discovery of perspective and for engineer the dome of the Florence Cathedral, but his accomplishments also include new(prenominal) architectural works , sculpture, mathematics, engineer and even ship design. 38. Lorenz Gibber Florentine Italian artist of the too soon Renaissance best known as the creator of the bronze doors of the font of Florence Cathedral, called by Michelangelo the Gates of Paradise. 39.Denotable early Renaissance Italian cutter from Florence 40. Mosaic first great painter of the Quaternion period of the Italian Renaissance 41. Sandra Poetical Italian painter of the Early Renaissance 42. high Renaissance the period representing the apogee of the visual arts in the Italian Renaissance 43. Aberrant Italian architect, who introduced Renaissance architecture to Milan and the High Renaissance style to Rome 44. Leonardo Ad Vinci Italian Renaissance polymath painter, sculptor, architect, musician, mathematician, and so forth 5. Machiavelli, The Prince The Prince is a political treatise by the Italian diplomat, historian and political theoriser 46. Cesar Boring Italian conditioner, nobleman, politician, and cardinal. He was the son of Pope Alexander VI 47. Sack of Rome 1527 military event carried out by the contumacious troops of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor in Rome, then break away of the Papal States 48. Charles V- ruler of the Holy Roman Empire from 1519 and, as Charles l, of the Spanish Empire 49. Raphael Italian painter and architect of the High Renaissance 50.Michelangelo Italian sculptor, painter, architect, poet, and engineer. 51 . El Greece painter, sculptor and architect of the Spanish Renaissance 52. northerly Renaissance Renaissance that occurred in European countries north of Italy 53. Christian Humanism emphasizes the humanity of Jesus, his societal teachings and his propensity to synthesize human spirituality and physicalism 54. Erasmus Dutch Renaissance humanist, Catholic rises, social critic, teacher, and theologian. 55. Thomas More incline lawyer, social philosopher, author, statesman and noted Renaissance humanist. 6. Franois Rabbles major French R enaissance writer, doctor, Renaissance humanist, monk and Hellenic scholar 57. Michel De Imitation one of the most influential writers of the French Renaissance, known for popularizing the essay as a literary genre 58. William Shakespeare English poet and playwright, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language 59. Miguel De Cervantes Spanish novelist, poet, and alright. His magnum opus, Don Quixote, considered to be the first modern European novel 60.Flemish Style flourished from the early 15th century until the seventeenth century. Flanders delivered the leading painters in Northern Europe 61 . Jan Van find out Flemish painter active in Brumes and is generally considered one of the most significant Northern European painters 62. Peter Brushed Flemish Renaissance painter and printmaker known for his landscapes and peasant scenes 63. Albrecht Udder German painter, engraver, printmaker, mathematician, and theorist from Murderer 64. Hans Holstein the Younger German artist and printmaker who worked in a Northern Renaissance style 65.Fugues family German family that was a historically prominent group of European bankers, members of the fifteenth and sixteenth-century 66. Christine De Paisa Italian French late medieval author. She served as a court writer for several dukes 67. Artemisia Genteelism Italian fancy painter, today considered one of the most accomplished painters in the generation afterwards Aggravating Questions 1. What are the main(prenominal) characteristics of Italian Humanism? How do these equivalence tit earlier medieval Scholasticism? Why were Italian humanists so evoke in Classical civilization? A.Stressed the superiority of ancient Greek and Roman literature, history, and politics and emphasized learning and personal and public duty. The Italians were interested in humanism which dealt with literature, the art of persuasion and were poetically, historically centered on standardized forms borrowed from ancient Greece and Rome. B. On one side is faith the another(prenominal) side is reason. Humanism brought in the subjective elements of faith, trust and conscience slice scholasticism emphasized reason. . Humanists admired classical literature, they were eager to discover muddled works of ancient authors.Patriarch hunted for manuscripts and made important finds, including umpteen of Cicerones garner but the early fifteenth century was the golden age for rediscovery of Latin authors. The recovery of Greek literature was even more striking. Italian humanists brought corroborate from Constantinople hundreds of previously unknown Greek books. 2. What characteristics of Italian cities in the fifteenth century created an environment that fostered the development of Renaissance culture? A. The Italian cities had a geographic advantage that helped foster the Renaissance culture.Italy was located in an area that had many trade routes. This sparked a strong economy which could, for example, all ow painters to afford supplies. 3. What political, social and economic factors caused the Renaissance? A. A decline of agriculture as the main source of revenue for majority. The production shifted to mass quantities, which was in the hand of emerge pie-eyed urban class. Ideologically was the church discredited and people were face for answer why God had allowed plague, or why after centuries f relative stability, Europe fell into chaos and warfare.Church divided by split was unable to give satisfactory answer, and thinkers and educated elite were looking for their own thinking that was outside of approved church doctrine. Collapse of Byzantine and renew interest in Greece culture, literature, and philosophy. The geopolitical shift from eastern Mediterranean towards more centrally located northern Italy in feudal Europe, ensured that the idea of Renaissance spread from there to the rest of the continent. 4. Analyze the violation of Renaissance humanism n the development of Ita lian art from 1400 to 1550. A.Due to the popularity of Renaissance humanism, many forms of art were greatly impacted. Before humanism, many artists would depict scenes of religion and mythology. After, there were in general portraits of families and people, as well as very detailed sketches of people. It showed that the human soundbox was already a piece of art. 5. Compare and contrast the Renaissance in Italy and the Netherlands. A. The Renaissance in the Netherlands put a greater emphasis on living a pious, simple life. Therefore, artists like Peter Frugal the aged painted pictures such as Haymaking. It showed regular peasants carrying out their normal terrestrial tasks. B. The Italian Renaissance, on the other hand, focused more on the wealthy class (aristocracy). Paintings were elaborately detailed, and showed how wealthy and powerful people were. This was because a dish out of trade was going on during the time of the Italian Renaissance, especially in the Mediterranean. T herefore, individuals were becoming very wealthy, and thus gaining political influence 6. Analyze the impact of women on the Renaissance and the impact of the Renaissance on women a.The debate astir(predicate) women allowed the topic to come up which in turn had a a few(prenominal) women recognized for their bravery and morality. The Renaissance had virtually no help for women in womens rights movement. 7. In what ways did the role of the artist and the prestige attached to art change? Why was this so important? A. Artists had begun to make art under the funds and commission of patrons. Patrons ordered specific scenes that the artist was to create, while other oversaw he work being done. All these requests were done for a payment towards the artist. B.Renaissance portraits often showed human detail and portrayed more realistic images. 8. formulate how the Avignon exile, the Great Schism, and the conciliator movement contributed to the weakening of the Church and, especially, pap al authority. How did the papacys secular concerns contribute to this? A. Due to the loss of prestige and the Churchs inability to keep their preparation system comprised and centralized, the councils that laypeople made had discussed their own education system and using it kinda of the Churches the pope had no longer intimidated the people because he got pushed around.